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Environmental Models in DEVS
Published in Gabriel A. Wainer, Pieter J. Mosterman, Discrete-Event Modeling and Simulation, 2018
Jean-Baptiste Filippi, Teruhisa Komatsu, David R.C. Hill
A model of the dynamics of fruit flies is presented in order to illustrate the use of CA in DEVS. The medfly (Ceratitis capitata) is one of the most serious economic pests of fruit and vegetables. If no control methods are used, the medfly can infest all susceptible fruit such as apricots, grapefruits, and peaches and to a lesser extent fruit such as apples and clementines. To limit the medfly population, a specific and environmentally nonpolluting method of medfly control called Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is increasingly used. This technique consists of releasing a large number of sterile males over a sufficient period of time at the optimal location. One of the main objectives of the model is to estimate the geographical distribution of the adult medfly. This model is to be used for guidance in implementing eradication procedures and preventing the spread to other locations.
Integrated Pest Management
Published in Yeqiao Wang, Landscape and Land Capacity, 2020
Management of pests in an IPM system is accomplished through selection of control tactics singly or carefully integrated into a management system. These tactics usually fall into the following main classes: (i) chemical, (ii) biological, (iii) cultural/mechanical, (iv) physical control methods (these four methods apply to all pests), (v) host plant resistance (applicable to invertebrate and microbial pests), (vi) behavioral, and (vii) sterile insect technique, a genetic control method (relevant only to insects).
Agricultural production: assessment of the potential use of Cas9-mediated gene drive systems for agricultural pest control
Published in Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2018
Maxwell J. Scott, Fred Gould, Marcé Lorenzen, Nathaniel Grubbs, Owain Edwards, David O’Brochta
Edward Knipling realized that if large numbers of sterile males could repeatedly be released into wild populations, it would eventually eliminate population reproduction and lead to eradication (Knipling 1960, 1955). This genetic control method is now generally referred to as the SIT. The program initiated by Knipling and his colleague, Raymond Bushland, began with releases of sterilized insects in Florida in the late 1950s. Subsequently, the SIT approach was used to eradicate screwworm from all of the USA (Mastrangelo and Welch 2012). However, Texas farmers faced an ongoing threat of invasion of screwworm from Mexico. To alleviate this threat, SIT was used to eradicate the fly from that country in a joint program with the Mexican government. Subsequently, the program was extended to eradicate screwworm from all of Central America (Vargas-Teran, Hofmann, and Tweddle 2005). Currently, to prevent re-infestation from South America, sterilized flies are being released in a ‘buffer zone’ in Eastern Panama and along the border with Colombia (Scott et al. 2017). The screwworm mass rearing facility is in Pacora, Panama, and is run by the U.S.-Panamanian Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworms (Comisión Panamá–Estados Unidos para la Erradicación y Prevención del Gusano Barrenador del Ganado or COPEG). About 15 million flies are reared each week. The annual producer benefit from eradication of screwworm is estimated to be $1.3 billion annually (Vargas-Teran, Hofmann, and Tweddle 2005). Due to the success of the screwworm SIT program, SIT has since been used for control of several species of tropical fruit flies (e.g. Mediterranean fruit fly), olive fly, and some Lepidopteran species (e.g. codling moth) (Klassen and Curtis 2005). So why was the screwworm SIT program so successful? Are there any lessons for future control programs based on Cas9 gene drive systems?