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Gastrointestinal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Acute flank pain describes pain of the posterolateral abdomen from the lower thorax to the pelvis. The most common cause of acute flank pain is ureteral obstruction caused by an impacted renal calculus. For this reason, the terms ‘acute flank pain’ and ‘renal colic’ are often used interchangeably.
Predicting outcomes in kidney stone endoscopic surgery by rotation forest algorithm
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Shima Pooyesh, Saghar Foshati, Malihe Sabeti, Hamid Parvin, Alireza Aminsharifi
Further, Cummings et al. (2000) predicted the chance of stone passage in 181 patients with renal colic by using the ANN systems. A large number of demographic and stone characteristics features such as age, gender, race, stone location, size, and burden, presence of obstruction and hydronephrosis, and duration of renal colic and associated symptoms like nausea/vomiting or fever were imported into the system. After training the software, they selected 125 patients as a test group. The neural network accurately predicted the chance of spontaneous passage in this series. The duration of renal colic was regarded as the most significant factor in predicting the stone passage in their study. Furthermore, Choo et al. (2018) examined the stone-free status after single session shock wave lithotripsy to treat ureteral stones and introduced a prediction model by a machine learning algorithm. Then, they enrolled the data related to 1803 patients into a machine learning algorithm to predict the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones and reported an accuracy rate of 92% for their model (AUC = 0.951). Similar results were reported by Seckiner et al. (2017).
Surface modification of ureteral stents: development history, classification, function, and future developments
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Kaiguo Xia, Xudong Shen, Xiaojie Ang, Bingbing Hou, Yang Chen, Kaiping Zhang, Zongyao Hao
In recent years, the incidence of urinary tract diseases has been increasing, and ureteral stents are widely used in the surgical treatment of various diseases of the urinary system, such as urinary calculi, hydronephrosis, and obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction [1,2–6]. Stents are typically used to place preoperatively to aid intraoperative identification of the ureter, to assist in the treatment of upper urinary stones, to promote the discharge of residual stones, to support the ureter and drain the urinary tract, to relieve malignant or benign obstruction, to deal with ureteral stricture, to treat urine leakage, to promote the healing of the ureter, and to prevent postoperative complications [7–12]. However, many stent-related adverse effects such as renal colic, hematuria, urinary tract infection, biofilm formation, and stent encrustation also occur in the clinical application of ureteral stents (Figure 1) [13–15]. Among these, the most common complications were stent-related urinary tract infection and stent encrustation [16,17]. New research methods and ideas have been attempted to solve these problems. Some scholars propose to improve the material of ureteral stents, and put forward the concept of degradable ureteral stents; some scholars believe that drug coatings can be added to the surface of ureteral stents to further improve stent infection and encrustation-related problems.