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Alternative splicing of arsenic (III oxidation state) methyltransferase
Published in Yong-Guan Zhu, Huaming Guo, Prosun Bhattacharya, Jochen Bundschuh, Arslan Ahmad, Ravi Naidu, Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World, 2019
In mammals, arsenic (III oxidation state) methyl-transferase (AS3MT) catalyzes the formation of monomethylarsonate (MMA(V)) and dimethylarsinic acid(DMA(V)) from arsenite(As(III)) and monomethy-larsonous acid (MMA(III)), respectively, as a substrate. When exposed to As(III) contained in the diet or drinking water, AS3MT knockout mice showed high systemic toxicity in the bladder epithelium, mild acute inflammation in the liver, and hydronephrosis in the kidneys, and the incidences of these tissue damages in AS3MT knockout mice were higher than those in WT mice. Although these reports in dicate that AS3MT activity plays an important role in the modulation of arsenic toxicity, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the regulation of AS3MT activity and of AS3MT gene expression (Sumi et al., 2011).
Undesirable and Unpleasant Adverse Side Effects of the Whole Body Vibration Exercises
Published in Redha Taiar, Christiano Bittencourt Machado, Xavier Chiementin, Mario Bernardo-Filho, Whole Body Vibrations, 2019
D. da Cunha de Sá-Caputo, Christiano Bittencourt Machado, Redha Taiar, Mario Bernardo-Filho
Monteleone et al. (2007), reported a case of significant morbidity following one session of five minutes of WBV exercise in an athletic adult individual in apparent good health, but with asymptomatic nephrolithiasis. A female (40 years old) amateur athletic (runner) with a past medical history of renal calculi was exposed to a single session of WBV. The individual stood on the base of the WBV platform with the 90° angle knee holding a support bar for balance. She underwent a series of five 30-second repetition of WBV (frequency of 30 Hz, amplitude of 4.5 mm) (repetitions separated by a one-minute rest). This sequence was performed at five-minute intervals until a total effective WBV exposition time of five minutes. Considering the adverse side effects of the WBV, primarily, 12 hours after the session, the individual reported sudden right flank pain and the onset of fever to 40°. Moreover, she presented positive Giordano maneuver. Further clinical evaluations were performed: (i) Ultrasound examination revealed the presence of a stone in the right renal pelvis in association with hydronephrosis; (ii) Laboratory examination indicated abnormities, as hemoglobin 9.7 g/dL, creatinine clearance 48 mL/min, hematuria, proteinuria; (iii) Urine culture demonstrated colony-forming units of Escherichia coli > 40 million per field.
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Hoy et al.426 sought human data on disease trends in the hospital discharge data that would correspond as much as possible with the observed defects in the wild animals. This was not always easy, as jaw malocclusion is not reported explicitly in the database, nor are genital malformations. However, there are several malformations of the lower face that are tracked, such as dent-facial anomalies (ICD 526), diseases of the jaws (ICD 527), diseases of the salivary glands (ICD 527), and diseases of the oral soft tissues (ICD 528), whose trends can be compared with those observed in the animals with jaw malformations. The plot they obtained for human urogenital disorders encompasses hydrocele (watery fluid around one or both testicles, ICD 778.6); hypospadias (ICD 752.6); and hydronephrosis—obstruction of urine flow (ICD 591), and other disorders of the kidney and ureter (ICD 593). Thyme involution and dysfunction, notable in postmortem examination of the wild animals, is not normally indicated in ICD-9. Although a code exists for diseases of the thymus (254.8), it is almost never used (only two cases among the infant and newborn data in our data set). However, T lymphocytes mature within the thymus gland, so its impairment can be reasonably linked to immune system disorders. In most other cases, such as the organ tumors, eye deformities, skin disorders, liver cancer, and metabolic issues documented on wild and domestic animals, a more direct comparison was possible.
Predicting outcomes in kidney stone endoscopic surgery by rotation forest algorithm
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Shima Pooyesh, Saghar Foshati, Malihe Sabeti, Hamid Parvin, Alireza Aminsharifi
Further, Cummings et al. (2000) predicted the chance of stone passage in 181 patients with renal colic by using the ANN systems. A large number of demographic and stone characteristics features such as age, gender, race, stone location, size, and burden, presence of obstruction and hydronephrosis, and duration of renal colic and associated symptoms like nausea/vomiting or fever were imported into the system. After training the software, they selected 125 patients as a test group. The neural network accurately predicted the chance of spontaneous passage in this series. The duration of renal colic was regarded as the most significant factor in predicting the stone passage in their study. Furthermore, Choo et al. (2018) examined the stone-free status after single session shock wave lithotripsy to treat ureteral stones and introduced a prediction model by a machine learning algorithm. Then, they enrolled the data related to 1803 patients into a machine learning algorithm to predict the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones and reported an accuracy rate of 92% for their model (AUC = 0.951). Similar results were reported by Seckiner et al. (2017).
Surface modification of ureteral stents: development history, classification, function, and future developments
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Kaiguo Xia, Xudong Shen, Xiaojie Ang, Bingbing Hou, Yang Chen, Kaiping Zhang, Zongyao Hao
In recent years, the incidence of urinary tract diseases has been increasing, and ureteral stents are widely used in the surgical treatment of various diseases of the urinary system, such as urinary calculi, hydronephrosis, and obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction [1,2–6]. Stents are typically used to place preoperatively to aid intraoperative identification of the ureter, to assist in the treatment of upper urinary stones, to promote the discharge of residual stones, to support the ureter and drain the urinary tract, to relieve malignant or benign obstruction, to deal with ureteral stricture, to treat urine leakage, to promote the healing of the ureter, and to prevent postoperative complications [7–12]. However, many stent-related adverse effects such as renal colic, hematuria, urinary tract infection, biofilm formation, and stent encrustation also occur in the clinical application of ureteral stents (Figure 1) [13–15]. Among these, the most common complications were stent-related urinary tract infection and stent encrustation [16,17]. New research methods and ideas have been attempted to solve these problems. Some scholars propose to improve the material of ureteral stents, and put forward the concept of degradable ureteral stents; some scholars believe that drug coatings can be added to the surface of ureteral stents to further improve stent infection and encrustation-related problems.
Prediction of chronic kidney disease stages by renal ultrasound imaging
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2020
Chi-Jim Chen, Tun-Wen Pai, Hui-Huang Hsu, Chien-Hung Lee, Kuo-Su Chen, Yung-Chih Chen
A set of ultrasound kidney images without any personal information was provided by Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (KCGMH) in Taiwan. The dataset, containing 798 kidney images, was collected from 205 individuals, and all the ultrasound images and subjects’ informed consent were approved by Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan (IRB No.: CGMH-99-0029B). The inclusion and exclusion criteria of subjects for participation in this study include: non-diabetics, non-acute renal failure, non-polycystic kidney disease, non-hydronephrosis, non-inpatient, and age between 18 to 75 years old. The aforementioned ultrasound kidney images were acquired under the same environmental settings. Both eGFR indices and ultrasound images of all subjects were used to diagnose different CKD stages by two experienced doctors. The ultrasound imaging machine was a Power Vision 380A (Toshiba Medical, Tokyo, Japan) and was equipped with 3.5- and 5.0-MHz rectilinear array or convex scan probes. For each subject, the renal conditions were evaluated according to the eGFR indicator through blood testing. In this study, eGFR thresholds of 15, 30, 60, and 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 were defined to cluster the testing samples into five stages. The clustering criteria were selected according to the CKD-stage classification principle proposed by the NKF.