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Cardiac dysrhythmia management in the radiology department
Published in William H. Bush, Karl N. Krecke, Bernard F. King, Michael A. Bettmann, Radiology Life Support (Rad-LS), 2017
Adverse effects Epinephrine is a potent adrenergic agent and should be treated with due respect, especially in patients with established perfusing rhythms, in whom it will increase heart rate and blood pressure. Excessive administration may result in severe hypertension, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, increased myocardial oxygen demand, angina or left ventricular decompensation. Decreased renal blood flow may exacerbate renal injury in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency. If epinephrine is extravasated outside a peripheral vein, local skin necrosis may occur.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Renal blood flow (RBF) is the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time. In humans, the kidneys together receive roughly 22% of cardiac output, amounting to 1.1 L/min in a 70-kg adult male. RBF is closely related to renal plasma flow (RPF).
Exertional rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in endurance sports: A systematic review
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Braulio Sánchez-Ureña, Jennifer Crowe, Rafael Timón, Guillermo J. Olcina
There is vast evidence that ER + AKI adverse renal conditions usually worsen when prolonged exercise is performed under conditions of high thermal load. The high rate of water and electrolyte loss through sweating may lead to both hyponatremia (Bruso et al., 2010; Chlíbková et al., 2015) and dehydration (Bongers et al., 2018), conditions that may affect organ function. The decrease of renal blood flow could increase the possibility of appearance of this two conditions (Asserraji et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015). These may lead to muscle structural and functional changes, liquid imbalance and alteration in homeostasis processes leading to a decrease in renal function. Considering the influence of heat and humidity, future studies on ER + AKI should assess environmental conditions and internal heat strain during prolonged exercises.
The effects of the muscular contraction on the abdominal biomechanics: a numerical investigation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Piero G. Pavan, Silvia Todros, Paola Pachera, Silvia Pianigiani, Arturo N. Natali
The abdominal wall is subject to the adaptable intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) that directly depends on the variable volumes of the internal organs, breathing, and muscle activation. Different pathologies are related to abnormal effects of IAP and to the mechanical characteristics of abdominal wall structures, highlighting the relevance of the biomechanical properties of this region. An increase in IAP can have negative effects: decreased cardiac output due to reduced venous return, decreased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and reduced splanchnic and hepatic perfusion (Cobb et al. 2005). High values of IAP have direct consequences, together with other factors, in the formation and recurrence of abdominal hernias. As concerning this aspect, the evaluation of the forces exerted on the fascial structures in the healthy abdomen during the execution of different daily tasks represents an issue of considerable clinical interest.
Carnosine in health and disease
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Guilherme Giannini Artioli, Craig Sale, Rebecca Louise Jones
Acute kidney failure is defined as a sudden, sustained impairment of kidney function, typically for periods of 1–7 days, resulting in reduced glomerular filtration rate, urinary volume, electrolyte imbalance and impaired pH regulation. Kidney damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion is a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of acute kidney failure and it is commonly observed in various clinical conditions, such as recovery from cardiac arrest, kidney transplantation and partial nephrectomy (Thadhani, Pascual, & Bonventre, 1996). Acute kidney failure may also result in acute tubular necrosis and increased renal vascular resistance (Thadhani et al., 1996), thereby being typically accompanied by impaired renal blood flow (Basile, Anderson, & Sutton, 2012). Although the molecular mechanisms underpinning these responses are not fully elucidated, ATP depletion, oxidative damage, phospholipase activation, neutrophil infiltration and exacerbation of adrenergic activation have been shown to play a central role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney failure (Basile et al., 2012). Any substance capable of suppressing or attenuating any of the processes involved in its pathogenesis may, therefore, be protective during episodes of acute failure (Fujii et al., 2003), thus reducing the area of the kidney where cells suffer lethal injuries. Reducing lethal injuries to the point of non-lethality is critical for recovery and regeneration (Basile et al., 2012).