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Borate Phosphors for Radiation Dosimetery
Published in S. K. Omanwar, R. P. Sonekar, N. S. Bajaj, Borate Phosphors, 2022
The nuclear energy is a clean and efficient alternative over traditional methods of power generation worldwide. The number of nuclear plants is increasing every year. Also radioactive and radiological techniques are widely used for treatment of food, seed, edible items and deceases like cancer (radiation therapy). Apart from nuclear installations, there is a need of regular radiation monitoring in cancer hospitals and preservation of agricultural products. In fact, there is a separate division working for monitoring the radiation exposures received by the workers in such installations.
Secondary Radiation Production and Shielding at Proton Therapy Facilities
Published in Harald Paganetti, Proton Therapy Physics, 2018
Shielding calculations are performed to ensure that the facility is designed and constructed so that exposures of personnel and public are well within regulatory limits. The primary purpose of radiation monitoring is to demonstrate compliance with design or regulatory limits, thus permitting safe operation. Naturally, this implies that calculations and measurements must be expressed in terms of quantities in which the regulatory dose limits are defined.
Radioactivity investigation of water and aerosols in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Muhammad Zubair, Amrou Ismail, Hamad Mohammed, Sayed Azam, Ahmed Ishag
Radiation emerges from many sources, both natural and from the modern application. In general, radiation can be categorized by its energy into the main two groups: ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has energy more than 10 electron Volts (eV), which is the energy needed to liberate electrons from an atom, ultimately destroying the chemical bonds between atoms.α, β, or γ radiation are types of ionizing radiation. Radiation monitoring is the measurement of radiation dose or radionuclide contamination in the environment (air, water, soil, etc.). Furthermore, ionizing radiation is dangerous and potentially toxic to living beings (UNSCEAR 2000), with serious possible damage to body tissue that may lead to cell death. In addition, long exposure to radiation will result in the development of cancer and other heritable diseases. On the other hand, ionizing radiation can be used as a therapy for cancer which is a great method that results in great prognosis in cancer treatment.
Can Tritium Monitoring and Control Requirements for DEMO Be Met by Existing Technologies?
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2023
The former can be achieved through appropriate plant design, including application of safety case methodologies, and limiting the tritium inventories in subsystems. These measures will reduce the source terms of tritium in an accident scenario. Radioactive releases and worker doses can be achieved using in-plant radiation monitoring such as ionization chambers for tritium and gamma and alpha detectors for other radiation releases, personal dosimeters, and bioassay sampling of workers. Other measures, such as limiting the airborne tritium inventories in each room and a zoning system for ventilation, aid the achievement of both goals.3
A rapid-detection method for radioactive cesium in the air
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2018
Tatsuyuki Maekawa, Yuji Oshima
For environmental-radiation monitoring, ambient-gamma-dose-rate monitors and beta air monitors with filters are generally deployed. The former is designed to detect gamma rays from all directions. As a result, it cannot detect the slight changes in airborne radioactivity because of the statistic fluctuations of the intensity of gamma rays from the ground surface, which makes the detection of these small increases in the amount of airborne radioactive substances difficult.