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From RNA Structures to RNA Nanomachines
Published in Yubing Xie, The Nanobiotechnology Handbook, 2012
Sabarinath Jayaseelan, Paul D. Kutscha, Francis Doyle, Scott A. Tenenbaum
The ability for two trans-acting RNAs to structurally interact with each other is an attractive and exciting hypothesis (George and Tenenbaum 2006). Most RNA–RNA interactions are typically visualized as linear base pairing between two sets of sequences or abutting sequences such as kissing complexes. The effect of trans interactions on RNA structure is often not considered. It should not be surprising that eukaryotic cells would have evolved to also use structural changes in RNA (cis as well as trans interactions) to regulate gene expression. Some possible means of interactions are shown in Figure 5.4. The illustration depicts versatility of the miRNA’s control over the message. It can either enhance or reduce protein binding, or in some cases create even alternate binding sites in the same message. The biochemical outcome inside the cell will be different in each case. MicroRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate gene expression, most notably through their actions with the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA. miRNAs modulate RBP-binding sites in a dynamic manner, targeting and sharing a common regulatory code. This would provide a mechanism to influence the structure (shape) of the mRNA to ensure that the appropriate regulatory elements are utilized for the optimal expression of a multifunctional mRNA transcript.
Toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate and its parent sucralose: in vitro screening assays
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Susan S. Schiffman, Elizabeth H. Scholl, Terrence S. Furey, H. Troy Nagle
Other genes for which expression was greater for sucralose-6-acetate than control were also implicated in cancer in some tissues. Minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) is a prognostic marker of poor prognosis in squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder (Liu et al. 2016) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Tang et al. 2022). Elevated expression of zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 10 (ZSCAN10) in glioma tissues was associated with poor prognosis in glioma (Jiang et al., 2019). EWS RNA Binding Protein 1 (EWSR1) is a prognostic marker of unfavorable outcomes liver cancer (Jiang et al. 2021). Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) is upregulated and a prognostic marker of poor outcome in renal cell cancer (Xu et al. 2020) and SET nuclear proto-oncogene is an unfavorable prognostic marker in liver cancer (Van Nguyen et al. 2021). Elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 5 (ELP5) plays a role in tumorigenicity of melanoma cells (Close et al. 2012).
The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in protein profile of Medicago sativa L.
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Wilber S. Alves, Noemi S. Santos, Felipe F. Baroca, Bruna P. D. Alves, Rosane O. Nunes, Giselli C. D. Abrahão, Evelin A. Manoel, Marcia R. Soares
A further potential PRP is a glycine-rich RNA binding protein (GRP), which in plants is a protein characterized by the presence of semi-repetitive glycine-rich motifs, its expression is modulated by biotic and abiotic factors, such as osmotic stress, cold, and defense against pathogens (Mangeon et al. 2010). At last, we identified a unknown protein with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) domain, when in appropriate medium, HRPs readily combine with H2O2 forming a complex [HRP-H2O2] that catalyzes the formation of free radicals of a variety of aromatic pollutants, followed by spontaneous polymerization. They can be used in the treatment of wastewater and bioremediation of organic pollutants (Fang and Barcelona 2003; Pandey et al. 2017). Recent studies have showed the ability of vegetable peroxides of sorghum and alfalfa to oxidize PAH and its derivatives, contributing to the degradation of these compounds. (Dubrovskaya et al. 2017).
The New Zealand Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Study (FTDGeNZ): a longitudinal study of pre-symptomatic biomarkers
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2023
Brigid Ryan, Ashleigh O’Mara Baker, Christina Ilse, Kiri L. Brickell, Hannah M. Kersten, Joanna M. Williams, Donna Rose Addis, Lynette J. Tippett, Maurice A. Curtis
Pathologically, FTD is characterised by atrophy of cortical grey matter and axons in the frontal and/or anterior temporal lobes, known as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), accompanied by neuronal and/or glial inclusion of abnormally folded proteins (Borroni et al. 2019). FTLD subtypes are categorised according to the pathological protein, which is either TAR DNA binding protein 43 (FTLD-TDP; (Mackenzie et al. 2011)); microtubule-associated protein tau (FTLD-Tau; (Dickson et al. 2011)); or RNA-binding protein fused in sarcoma (FTLD-FUS; (Neumann et al. 2009)). Very rarely, inclusions are positive for ubiquitin but negative for TDP-43, tau, and FUS; these cases are known as FTLD-UPS.