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Aortic and Arterial Mechanics
Published in Michel R. Labrosse, Cardiovascular Mechanics, 2018
The impact produced by the blood on the walls of the aorta during cardiac ejection generates a pressure wave called a pulse wave, which propagates along the arterial tree from the aorta to the peripheral arteries. It causes a radial deformation of the arterial wall, which enables diastolic relay of the cardiac contraction. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) is considered a parameter that represents arterial stiffness. Indeed, the Moens–Korteweg relationship relates the PWV to the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the artery when it is considered a thin-walled isotropic tube of infinite length: () VOP=Einch2ρr,
CAD of Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in de Azevedo-Marques Paulo Mazzoncini, Mencattini Arianna, Salmeri Marcello, Rangayyan Rangaraj M., Medical Image Analysis and Informatics: Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Therapy, 2018
Marco A. Gutierrez, Marina S. Rebelo, Ramon A. Moreno, Anderson G. Santiago, Maysa M. G. Macedo
Another common parameter, pulse wave velocity (PWV), is described as the “propagation speed of systolic pressure pulse in the arterial system” (Dyverfeldt et al. 2015). It may provide early atherosclerotic risk by providing information about vessel stiffness (Wentland et al. 2014). According to Dyverfelt et al. (2014), PWV estimation is usually performed by two main approaches: (1) “travel-distance,” based on the distance between two vessel locations; and (2) “travel-time,” the temporal shift between velocity, flow, or pressure waveforms recorded at these locations. In their work, the authors compared several methods to calculate PWV using the “travel-time” approach and applied the results to study age differences in the values of PWV. PWV was studied as a measure of stiffness of the thoracic aorta in a work by Markl et al. (2010), in which PWV was determined by transit-time methods and the linear fit from data of the entire aorta.
Effects of Whole Body Vibration on the Elderly
Published in Redha Taiar, Christiano Bittencourt Machado, Xavier Chiementin, Mario Bernardo-Filho, Whole Body Vibrations, 2019
Maíra Florentino Pessoa, Helga C. Muniz de Souza, Helen K. Bastos Fuzari, Patrícia E. M. Marinho, Armèle Dornelas de Andrade
Arterial stiffness can be measured in several non-invasive ways, of which pulse wave velocity (PWV) is considered the standard measure. The most common ways to measure PWV are brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), leg pulse wave velocity (lPWV) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Stiffness is considered a predictor for cardiovascular mortality, since the greater the risk, the worse the cardiac overload will be in order to cause blood to flow through the extremities. Thus, it can contribute to an increase of afterload and left heart failure.
Music attenuates a widened central pulse pressure caused by resistance exercise: A randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover study
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Kaname Tagawa, Yoshio Nakata, Atsumu Yokota, Tomohito Sato, Seiji Maeda
Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured between the carotid and femoral arteries to evaluate the aortic stiffness. The carotid and femoral arterial pressure waveforms were obtained by two applanation tonometry sensors; incorporating an array of 15 transducers (form PWV/ABI; Colin Medical Technology, Komaki, Japan). Aortic PWV was calculated by using the distance between the common carotid and femoral arteries recording sites divided by the transit time. The standardized aortic PWV was calculated to 80% of the direct distance between carotid and femoral arteries recording sites (Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness’ Collaboration, 2010; Van Bortel et al., 2012). Brachial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and heart rate were measured using the oscillometric and electrocardiography (ECG) methods (form PWV/ABI; Colin Medical Technology, Komaki, Japan). Brachial blood pressure was measured to evaluate the peripheral blood pressure.
A conjugate-gradient approach to the parameter estimation problem of magnetic resonance advection imaging
Published in Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, 2020
Simon Hubmer, Andreas Neubauer, Ronny Ramlau, Henning U. Voss
With every beat of the human heart, a pulse wave is created which travels through the blood vessels in the body somewhat like the waves produced by a rock thrown into the water. The speed of this wave, termed pulse wave velocity (PWV), is closely related to material properties of the blood vessel it travels through [1–3]; a high PWV indicates a stiffer blood vessel than a lower PWV, given the same vessel wall thickness and vessel diameter. Arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold standard for aortic stiffness assessment in cardiovascular disease [4–6] and provides normative values for healthy and increased arterial stiffness [7–9]. Arterial stiffness is related to arterial compliance [10–12], the ratio of blood volume change to blood pressure change. Arterial compliance absorbs the impact of the pulse pressure waves and enables steady blood flow throughout the whole cardiac cycle [13,14]. Pulse wave velocity and arterial compliance are reliable prognostic markers for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations such as the elderly, subjects with diabetes, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and hypertension [7–9,15–22].