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Prediction of Heart Disease Using Machine Learning
Published in Monika Mangla, Subhash K. Shinde, Vaishali Mehta, Nonita Sharma, Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Handbook of Research on Machine Learning, 2022
Subasish Mohapatra, Jijnasee Dash, Subhadarshini Mohanty, Arunima Hota
It can be detected with early diagnosis of symptoms. Abnormal heartbeats (heart arrhythmias) disease causes the heart to beat very fastly or very slowly. Symptoms are like shortness of breath, dizziness, bradycardia, tachycardia, syncope, etc. Heart disease generated by heart defects causes symptoms like cyanosis, swelling around the eyes, leg, poor weight gain in the case of a child. Weak heart muscle (dilated cardiomyopathy) disease symptoms are not visible earlier. At worst condition symptoms like fatigue, breathlessness at rest, a fluttering of the heart can be seen. Heart infections can cause skin rashes, swelling of body parts, dry cough, etc. [2]. Our heart consists of four valves, namely aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid valves. They generally open and closes to coordinate blood course through our heart. Stenosis, insufficiency, prolapse are the conditions that may damage our valves to cause valvular heart disease. The visible symptoms are swollen legs, irregular heartbeat, and syncope. Individuals with high blood pressure (BP), hypertension, overweight, high lipid, diabetics are at risk of cardiovascular disease [1, 20]. If at the primary stage they get a proper diagnosis and primary health care facilities, the premature death rate can be prevented. With proper treatment and right counseling at an earlier stage can cure their disease [3, 21].
Some Effects of the Environment on Emotions and their Relationships to Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in J. Rose, Human Stress and the Environment, 2021
Although the ability of the psyche to cause hypertension remains unproven, anxiety is related to functional prolapse of the mitral heart valve (MVP).84 The long clinical interest in relationships of anxiety with the cardiovascular system is exemplified in MVP.85 Although independent, there is an increased prevalence of anatomic, functional MVP in anxiety disorders.86 Hemodynamic states can induce functional prolapse in normal mitral valves of healthy individuals, the common denominator being the pathophysiology of hypovolemia, orthostatic intolerance, chronic hyperadrenergic activity and veno- and vasoconstriction.86 Chronic anxiety enhances SNS activity,87 and thereby induces a self-sustaining vasoconstriction, hypovolemia and increased left ventricular contractility,88 which combine to decrease left ventricular preload and intracavity size and thereby induce a functional MVP.84
Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Pelvic diaphragm muscles attach to the internal surfaces of the pelvis and form a concave “floor” of support for the lower torso organs. As part of that muscular sling, the sphincter muscles encircling the urethra and rectal canal actively control the elimination functions of the urinary and digestive systems (Figure 5.14). Other muscles originating deep within the pelvis are activated during reproductive system activities. The cremaster muscle, which surrounds the testes and contracts to elevate them within the scrotum is an example. The essential functions of these muscles were mentioned earlier in this chapter, but further details about these muscles are of limited importance for most wearable products. Products requiring in-depth anatomical knowledge of the pelvic diaphragm include: (a) pessaries worn for support for pelvic organ prolapse, (b) contraceptive devices—the diaphragm and cervical cap—worn over the cervix, and (c) tampons (MMPs). These products stay in place better when the wearer has a strong pelvic diaphragm.
Intrinsic factors contributing to elevated intra-abdominal pressure
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Stefan Niederauer, Grace Hunt, K. Bo Foreman, Andrew Merryweather, Robert Hitchcock
Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) often result from damage or weakening of the musculoskeletal tissues that line the bottom of the abdominal cavity. PFDs will affect 1 in every 4 women during their lifetime (Nygaard 2008). A woman’s lifetime risk of surgical intervention for PFDs is 10%, and 30% of women receiving surgery will undergo 2 or more procedures (Nygaard 2008; DeLancey 2005). The pelvic floor is responsible for supporting pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, and rectum, and plays a key role in proper function of these organs. When the pelvic floor cannot provide adequate support, symptoms of urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse develop. The weight of pelvic organs produces strain on the pelvic floor, and this strain can increase during dynamic activities and is often measured as intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). While the exact role of IAP on PFDs is still uncertain, there is a predominant hypothesis that high IAP overloads the pelvic floor, and over time can damage the musculoskeletal tissues (Bø and Nygaard 2020).
Simulation of the mobility of the pelvic system: influence of fascia between organs
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Mouhamadou Nassirou Diallo, Olivier Mayeur, Pauline Lecomte-Grosbras, Laurent Patrouix, Jean François Witz, François Lesaffre, Chrystle Rubod, Michel Cosson, Mathias Brieu
The analysis of dynamic MRI images allows pelvic mobility to be quantified and the different grades and types of prolapse to be classified according to the POP-Q classification. This classification makes it possible to locate the stage of the prolapse and to objectify its amplitude for diagnosis and therapeutic choice. Usually, MRI sequences for pre-operative diagnosis of prolapse consist of static resting and dynamic observations where the mobilities of certain characteristic points are quantified and compared with the POP-Q classification. These mobilities are the result of an equilibrium called Pelvic Statics which is characterized by the balance between the properties and geometry of the organs, suspension and support system. Any imbalance in this complex system can be the cause of pelvic static disorder. The role of these different structures is still poorly quantified today, for example, in the literature, there is no consensus on the ligament system description, there are theories arguing that some ligaments such as uterosacral and paravaginal ligaments have a predominant role in the hypermobility problems as well as the fascia between bladder vagina (Petros and Woodman 2008; Petros 2011) but their relative influence on mobility has not been really quantified and compared with MRI measured mobility. Petros (2011) proposed a description of the whole pelvic system and different way to restore suspension and mobility for different case of prolapse
A computational study of organ relocation after laparoscopic pectopexy to repair posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2020
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common complication in multiparous elderly women caused by a weakening, laxity or reduced stiffness of the supporting network of pelvic muscles, ligaments and connective tissues which hold the pelvic organ after menopause (Olsen et al. 1997; Martins et al. 2011; Bhattarai et al. 2018). Vaginal/cervical vault prolapse is the descent of the vaginal apex or cuff scar which can occur either in combination with uterine prolapse or post-hysterectomy (up to 40%), after surgical removal of the uterus, and can coexist with the prolapse of the bladder (cystocele), urethra (urethrocele), rectum (rectocele) or small bowel (enterocoele) (Seder 1958). Various operative approaches such as sacrocolpopexy, pectopexy, sacrospinous/iliococcygeus fixation and cervicosacropexy for the repair of the prolapse have been reported (Paraiso et al. 1996; Beer and Kuhn 2005; Silva et al. 2005; Demirci et al. 2007; Banerjee and Noé 2011). The choice of operation depends on the patient’s age, severity of the prolapse, postoperative mesh-related complications, co-morbidity, previous surgery, the level of physical and sexual activity and the experience of the surgeon (Flynn and Webster 2002).