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Clinical Effects of Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Signals from odor sensation are sent from the olfactory bulb through mitral and tufts cell axons via the lateral olfactory tract and synapse at the primary olfactory cortex. The primary olfactory cortex includes the anterior olfactory nucleus, the piriform cortex, the anterior cortical nucleus of the hippocampus and amygdala, the periamygdaloid complex, and the rostral entorhinal cortex.
Spritz or showcase? Gender, uncertainty, and fragrance evaluation
Published in Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 2020
Hua Meng, Jamie L. Grigsby, Cesar Zamudio
Next, the olfactory bulb directly communicates with the primary olfactory cortex where the amygdala and the hippocampus are located (Doty, 2015). The amygdala is related to emotion generation (Herz, 2012) and the hippocampus is associated with memory (Hawkes & Doty, 2009). This direct access to the amygdala-hippocampal complex is only available to the sense of smell, making it unique, and triggering vivid memories and emotions (Shepard, 2012). Thus, we posit that three scent attributes will be further activated cognitively at this stage of the scent-processing pathway, and these attributes relate to each other. First is personal memory. If two consumers smell the same floral scent fragrance, one may recall a wedding, and another a funeral. Second is qualitative attributes, comprising individual-specific emotional responses. For example, the consumer who recalled the wedding might feel joyful, with the other feeling somber and grave. Qualitative attributes may also include how scent makes fragrance users, or others, feel (Buss, 1999). For example, when consumers imagine using an aquatic-scented fragrance, they may feel refreshed, an immediate emotional response. They might also feel they could be perceived as sophisticated, which is a descriptive thought linking the scent to a social impression, related to the third attribute that may be activated, social aspects. Consumers encounter fragrances in different social contexts such as parties or work. Over time, associative learning of scents occurs (Herz, 2012), associating different fragrances with different genders, age groups (Harris, 2015), and usage situations (Moskowitz, 1995).