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Endoscopic Surgery
Published in John G Webster, Minimally Invasive Medical Technology, 2016
Before a laparoscopic surgery, pneumoperitoneum, which means delivering gas into the abdominal cavity, is performed to separate the organs, which allows easier visualization and manipulation. It is important that the intra-abdominal pressure is maintained at an appropriate value throughout the entire procedure. These requirements are achieved by a laparoscopic insufflator.
Simulation of non-Newtonian flow of blood in a modified laparoscopic forceps used in minimally invasive surgery
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Md. Abdul Raheem Junaidi, Harsha Sista, Ram Chandra Murthy Kalluri, Y. V. Daseswara Rao, Alla Gopala Krishna Gokhale
In laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon creates multiple incisions around the belly button of a patient for inserting trocars of 5–12 mm sizes, as shown in Figure 1. A trocar is a surgical instrument that is sharp-pointed and is used with the cannula to puncture the abdominal cavity and to insert different instruments through it. A camera-enabled laparoscope is inserted into the abdominal cavity through a trocar into the first of the three ports. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas insufflating device (a method known as pneumoperitoneum) through the second port to provide sufficient room for the surgeon to perform the surgery. The reason for preferring CO2 over other gases is that it is non-flammable, non-combustible, colorless, readily soluble in water, cheap, and reduces the risk of complications occurring by blood clots in veins. The final port is for the laparoscopic forceps, to perform operations such as grasping, cutting, lasing, cauterizing, etc. After inflating the abdomen with CO2 gas, the surgeon inserts various instruments that are commonly used in laparoscopic surgeries (Geryane et al. 2004; Yadav et al. 2017).