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Thin-Layer Chromatography in Clinical Chemistry
Published in Bernard Fried, Joseph Sherma, Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2017
Extremely high levels of ether phospholipids were detected in the phospholipid composition of human eosinophils, and these were separated by using a combination of TLC and gas chromatography90 These results suggest that alkyl and alkenyl ether phospholipids play an essential role in human eosinophils in various physiological and pathological conditions. Phospholipids of many cancer tumors also contain larger amounts of alkyl ethers than healthy tissues. Narayan et al.91 studied alterations in sphingomyelin and fatty acids in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer. These authors extracted lipids from tissues and separated them by TLC and GLC. Dembitsky92 reported the separation and quantification of alkenyl ether phospholipids (plasmalogen). Recently, Cartwright93 and Gregson94 have also published papers on the separation of phospholipids by TLC.
Lipidomic profiling of the Brazilian yellow scorpion venom: new insights into inflammatory responses following Tityus serrulatus envenomation
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
Tanize Acunha, Bruno Alves Rocha, Viviani Nardini, Fernando Barbosa Jr, Lúcia Helena Faccioli
Many of the glycerophospholipids detected in the scorpion venom under study were ether-phospholipids, a class of phospholipids containing an ether bond at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. Ether-phospholipids with regular ether bonds at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone are classified as plasmanyl-phospholipids, while those with vinyl-ether bond as plasmenyl-phospholipids. Both, plasmanyl- or plasmenyl (plasmalogen) glycerophospholipids were detected in T. serrulatusvenom. Plasmalogens play important roles in human neuronal development, immune response, and endogenous antioxidants. However, the mechanistic bases of plasmalogen biological functions are still poorly understood (Paul, Lancaster, and Meikle 2019). Plasmalogens typically contain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position and may act as reservoirs for these biologically active lipid mediators released by phospholipase A2 hydrolysis, with potential to generate free arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The first is the precursor for synthesizing prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, and the latter is the precursor for synthesizing resolvins, docosatrienes, and neuroprotection, all of which regulate inflammatory responses. Finally, high levels of lysoplasmalogen are associated with electrophysiological disturbances in myocytes, inhibition of Na±K±ATPase in renal cells, and activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, in addition to membrane perturbation (Braverman and Moser 2012; Khalil et al. 2010; Paul, Lancaster, and Meikle 2019). Some of these mediators are released, mediate and regulate the inflammatory response to T. serrulatus venom (Reis et al. 2020; Zoccal et al. 2016). Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a well-known plasmanyl, and some lyso-PAF forms such as (PC(O-16:0/0:0) and PC(O-18:0/0:0) were also detected in T. serrulatusvenoms. PAF is involved in various cellular responses and inflammatory processes (Iwasaki, Sakurai, and Damnjanović 2020; Kimura, Jennings, and Epand 2016) and previously reported as a relevant mediator of T. serrulatus-induced lung edema Freire-Maia and de Matos (1993).