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Phenolic Compounds potential health Benefits and toxicity
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Deep Jyoti Bhuyan, Amrita Basu
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) has a vital role in glucose and fat metabolism. Thus, PPAR-γ agonists are widely used in the treatment of hyperglycemia, dyslipidaemia and their complications (Li et al. 2008). Phenolics with PPAR-γ ligand-binding activity have been obtained from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots) which may help in the treatment of diabetes (Kuroda et al. 2003). Chronic sub-acute inflammation has also been accepted as an important factor in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in animals and humans. Various nonflavonoid polyphenols have been shown to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-8, MCP-1, COX-2 or iNOS in these animal models of diabetes (Miranda et al. 2015).
The protective effect of Eruca sativa against lipid metabolic abnormalities induced by dioxin in male rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Hussam A El-Gayar, Eman T Salem, Gamal M Edrees
The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Eruca sativa ethanolic leaves extract on lipid metabolic abnormalities induced by dioxin in male rats. The results indicate that TCDD induces hyperlipidemia of both serum and testes including CHOL, TG, PLs, and TL as well as LDL-c and VLDL-c, while HDL-c was significantly decreased. These results are similar to the findings of Magesh et al. [27]. The increase in the serum CHOL concentration in the TCDD group may be due to hepatic overproduction of specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP3A [28]. In addition, the inhibition of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity leads to the hypersensitivity of the liver to excessive amounts of CHOL [29]. During adipocyte differentiation, decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) may contribute to an increase in serum CHOL [28,30]. An increase in CHOL may be due to an excess in HMG CoA reductase [31]. The down regulation of LDL receptors may also lead to this result [32]. Also, inhibiting the synthesis and secretion of bile acids causes a rise in cholesterol [33].
Preparation and in-vitro, in-vivo characterisation of pioglitazone loaded chitosan/PEG blended PLGA biocompatible nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Gurudutta Pattnaik, Amulyaratna Behera
Pioglitazone is (±) −5 - [ [4- [2 - (5 – ethyl − 2 pyridinyl) ethoxy] phenyl] methyl] − 2, 4- thiazolidinedione and is highly specific agonist for the activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor-gamma (PPAR γ) [4]. Pioglitazone hydrochloride (C19H20N2O3S) has a molecular weight of 392.90 daltons. It's a crystalline white powder with no odor. It is soluble in Dimethylformamide, slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol, very slightly soluble in acetonitrile and acetone, practically insoluble in ether and water. Within 2–2.5 h, peak plasma concentrations are reached. It has 3 to 7 hrs of Elimination half life [5]. Poor permeability of the drug across the gastrointestinal membrane results from poor dissolution property from the formulation which is due to slow absorption [6]. Only a few research works have been reported on controlled release formulations utilizing Pioglitazone. If the drug concentration is more in the gastrointestinal tract, it causes several disorders such as gastric pain, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Hence the demand for controlled release formulation of Pioglitazone is essential for better blood glucose regulation to avoid hypoglycemia and improve treatment efficacy. To overcome the limitations of conventional drugs and their administration due to physiological adversities, considerable technological and scientific advances have been made in the study and improvement of rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems [7].
Implications of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARY) with the intersection of organophosphate flame retardants and diet-induced obesity in adult mice
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Gwyndolin M. Vail, Sabrina N. Walley, Ali Yasrebi, Angela Maeng, Thomas J. Degroat, Kristie M. Conde, Troy A. Roepke
EDC action by OPFRs may be attributed to their capacity to interact with nuclear receptors, such as estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (Ji et al. 2020; Kojima et al. 2013; National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 2019; Pillai et al. 2014; Tung et al. 2017). Three of the most commonly used OPFRs that demonstrate these receptor interactions are triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-proply)phosphate (TDCPP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCP), and as such, these three OPFRs were selected for the current study investigating the specific role of PPARγ as a target for OPFR dysregulation of ingestive behaviors and energy homeostasis. EDC impairment of energy homeostasis presents as a significant human health concern because it may predispose individuals to developing metabolic syndrome and its symptomatic sequelae obesity, hypertension, inflammation, and pre-diabetes (Dabass et al. 2018; Hevener, Clegg, and Mauvais-Jarvis 2015; Kobos et al. 2020).