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Positional information in the extracellular matrix
Published in David M. Gardiner, Regenerative Engineering and Developmental Biology, 2017
Anne Q. Phan, Md. Ferdous Anower-E-Khuda
Extracellular PGs, the largest class of PGs, function as bridging molecules connecting various ECM molecules and as mediators of cell signaling. Aggrecan is dominant in cartilage and provides a mechano-sensitive feedback to the chondrocytes. Versican regulates cell adhesion, migration, and inflammation. Small leucine-rich PGs (SLRPs) interact with various collagens, bind with receptor tyrosine kinases and innate immune receptors, and modulate various cell signaling pathways. Decorin binds transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Circulating macrophages secret biglycan as a danger-signaling molecule for Toll-like receptor (TLR 2/4), an innate immunity receptor. Perlecan influences cell adhesion, growth, and survival. Agrin plays an important biological role in organizing basement membrane and clustering acetylcholine receptors. The cell surface PGs, syndecans, and glypicans interact with other ECM components and numerous growth factors mostly through their HS GAG chains. HS is involved in a wide variety of biological functions, too vast to be reviewed here, but briefly summarized in the next section.
Application of an in silico approach identifies a genetic locus within ITGB2, and its interactions with HSPG2 and FGF9, to be associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Senanile B. Dlamini, Colleen J. Saunders, Mary-Jessica N. Laguette, Andrea Gibbon, Junaid Gamieldien, Malcolm Collins, Alison V. September
The third domain of perlecan also contains laminin binding sites and laminins have the ability to bind to ECM macromolecules and thereby facilitating cell-matrix and cell–cell interactions (Colognato & Yurchenco, 2000). There is evidence to suggest that interactions between laminins and perlecan contribute to tissue survival, maintenance of tissue phenotype, cell shape and movement, and cell attachment and differentiation (Colognato & Yurchenco, 2000).