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Potential of Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Bone Defect Repair
Published in Tatiana G. Volova, Yuri S. Vinnik, Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya, Nadejda M. Markelova, Gennady E. Zaikov, Natural-Based Polymers for Biomedical Applications, 2017
Tatiana G. Volova, Yuri S. Vinnik, Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya, Nadejda M. Markelova, Gennady E. Zaikov
X-ray examination of the rabbits’ limbs after surgical intervention showed that in the group with P3HB 3D porous implants, at Day 30, in the middle third of the femoral bone, there was a 2.5-mm round cavity, which was considerably smaller than the initial defect and the defect observed at Day 30 in Group 2 (Colapol) (Figure 6.10). The cavity had well-defined boundaries, without a sclerotic rim. The periosteum was not changed, and there was no periosteal reaction. In Group 2, with Colapol used to fill the defect, the survey radiograph taken at Day 30 showed a 3-mm round cavity in the middle third of the femoral bone. The cavity had well-defined boundaries, without a sclerotic rim. In 2 animals of Group 3, the survey radiograph taken at Day 30 showed a pathologic fracture in the middle third of the femoral bone (where the bone tissue defect had been created), with bone fragments displaced transversely and angularly, with diastasis of the terminal 3–4 mm. The radiograph showed periosteal reaction of bone fragments, local foci of bone tissue destruction, and osteolysis. At Day 90, partial consolidation was observed. The formation of the false joint at the fracture site, chronic periosteal inflammation, and local foci of bone tissue destruction were observed in 2 animals.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
On examination of the radiograph, a number of parameters are assessed: Location of tumour within the bone, for example Diaphysis: Ewing sarcomaMetaphysis: osteogenic sarcomaEpiphysis: chondroblastoma and giant cell tumourMatrix of lesion, i.e. appearance of material within the tumour Lytic, i.e. lucent or darkSclerotic, i.e. dense or whiteZone of transition, i.e. the margin between the lesion and normal bone Thin, sclerotic rim: more likely benignWide and irregular: more likely malignantEffect on surrounding bone Expansion and thinning of cortex: more likely benignPenetration of cortex: more likely malignantPeriosteal reaction and new bone formation: osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing sarcomaAssociated features Soft tissue massPathological fracture.
The Development of Mask R-CNN to Detect Osteosarcoma and Oste-ochondroma in X-ray Radiographs
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Guoqing Xia, Tianfei Ran, Huan Wu, Min Wang, Jun Pan
Mask R-CNN identified typical osteosarcoma correctly by imaging manifestations of cloud-like, needle-like and plaque-like shadows in X-ray radiographs, i.e. when X-ray radiograph had obvious osteolytic destruction, periosteal reaction, and tumour bone formation (Figure 4A). Mask R-CNN sometimes obtained better results than manual recognition when there was no obvious periosteal reaction, osteolysis destruction and tumour bone formation, which was to say there was no obvious cloudiness or plaque shadow in X-ray radiographs (Figure 4B). Mask R-CNN also correctly identified typical osteochondroma imaging manifestations of a bird’s beak, flattened or cauliflower-like shape in X-ray radiographs, i.e. when the orthographic radiographs showed bony protrusions from cortical to soft tissues, no matter it was singular or multiple as shown in Figure 4C, or when the lateral view of osteochondroma had no obvious outline compared to the front view (Figure 4D). It was worth mentioning that Mask R-CNN did not confuse osteosarcoma with osteochondroma.