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Development of a 3-D Kinematic Model for Analysis of Ergonomic Risk for Rotator Cuff Injury in Aircraft Mechanics
Published in Vincent G. Duffy, Advances in Applied Human Modeling and Simulation, 2012
Edwin Irwin, Kristin Streilein
While each of these efforts incorporates many useful characteristics, none completely meets the need we have identified within the aircraft maintenance environment. An understanding of the extrinsic biomechanical factors that elicit sub-acromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) in the workplace illuminates some of these requirements. Seitz et al (2011), in a review of the scientific literature, noted several predominant extrinsic mechanisms for mechanical compression of the subacromial tendon by other joint structures: faulty posture (i.e. head-forward posture or forward shoulder posture); adverse glenohumeral motion resulting from posterior capsular tightness, shortened pectoralis minor resting length, or altered recruitment of rotator cuff musculature, due to adaptation, fatigue, or weakness; and modified scapular kinematics (i.e. increased anterior tilt, increased scapular protraction, or altered scapulohumeral rhythm) due to altered recruitment patterns resulting from fatigue or weakness. A model that can help identify the presence and estimate the relative impact of these risk factors in a particular task will need to incorporate a significant level of complexity in its representation of muscles, limb segments, joints, and constraints. The parameters in Table 1 below were developed to address these risk factors. In addition, the practicalities of building reliable and validated models for wider use demand the implementation software be mature and widely accepted. For this reason, we chose to develop the model on the SIMM platform, using existing models as a basis.
Effects of Environmental Conditions on Competitive Swimming Performance
Published in Youlian Hong, Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise, 2013
Joshua Guggenheimer, Kasey Young, Dennis Caine
In a study comparing swimmers aged 8–77 years with and without shoulder pain or disability, Tate et al. (2012) found differences in two or more age groups included a higher incidence of previous traumatic injury, and reduced participation in another sport (p < 0.05). They also found reduced shoulder flexion, weakness of the middle trapezius and internal rotation, shorter pectoralis minor and latissimus, and decreased core endurance in symptomatic females in single varying age groups (p < 0.05).
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Musculus pectoralis minor is a smaller muscle than the pectoralis major and lies underneath. Insertion: The origin has three portions and is inserted on the anterolateral surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs a little bit further from the costal cartilages. Distal insertion is on the coracoid process of the scapula on the medial margin of the superior surface.
Predictors of throwing performance in amateur male cricketers: A musculoskeletal approach
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Safwaan Ahmed, James Brown, Janine Gray
Further, PML appears to have a role in the aetiology of shoulder injury with an observed effect on acromiohumeral distance (AHD), scapular kinematics and shoulder range of motion (Borstad & Ludewig, 2005; Navarro-Ledesma, Fernandez-Sanchez, & Luque-Suarez, 2018; Rosa, Santos, Gava, Borstad, & Camargo, 2018; Viriyatharakij, Chinkulprasert, Rakthim, Patumrat, & Ketruang, 2017). The relationship of PML to TP in cricketers has never been investigated. Further, there is conflicting evidence regarding PML and its role on the shoulder joint. Viriyatharakij et al. (2017) showed that stretching pectoralis minor may temporarily improve a rounded shoulder posture and consequently increase AHD. Conversely, Navarro-Ledesma et al. (2018) demonstrated that a shortened pec minor is poorly associated with AHD. Borstad and Ludewig (2005) found that a shortened pectoralis minor muscle may cause altered scapular kinematics of the shoulder which appeared to be similar to scapular kinematics of individuals with impingement symptoms in a non-athlete cohort. Conversely, Rosa, Borstad, Pogetti, and Camargo (2017) found that PML was not strongly correlated to scapular kinematics. It is important to consider that the above studies used non-athlete, heterogenous participants, making their findings less generalisable to our population of homogeneous amateur male cricketers. Further, the significance of the relationship between PML and TP has not been investigated.