China 
Africa 
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Antimalarial and Other Antiparasitic Drugs
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
The Chinese results were not published in the open literature until 1979. The work of isolation and structure confirmation was reproduced in the West, but there was no immediate development by Western pharmaceutical companies. The artemisinin derivatives are fast-acting, although when used alone, they have a substantial recurrence rate of 10–25%. A three-day course of artemisinin can reduce the number of parasites by a factor of 108 and if a combination drug or the immune response can completely clear the parasitemia, the likelihood of resistance is greatly reduced. There have been some reports of resistance, particularly in Cambodia, where the drug has been available from China for some 30 years. In 2006, the WHO accepted artemisinin derivatives as first-line antimalarials, but recommended use only in combinations to slow the development of resistance. The artemesinins are very fast acting but have short half-lives so that combinations with longer acting drugs are preferred. The combination artemether–lumefantrine was developed by Novartis and is currently available as Coartem. It received FDA approval in the United States in 2009. Two other combinations, artesunate–mefloquine and dihydroarteminsin–piperaquine are also under study.
Protective effects of some Nigerian indigenous antimalarial plants on placental malaria related pathological damages and pregnancy outcomes in murine model
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Ayodele S. Babalola, Olufunmilayo A. Idowu, Kehinde O. Ademolu, J. Olukunle, A. Rahman Samson
Each day, blood samples were taken from the caudal vein of each mouse on a clean glass slide, thin films were prepared and stained with 10% Giemsa solution. The parasitemia was estimated by careful examination of the well-stained thin blood film. Parasitemia was determined by dividing the number of parasitized red blood by the total number of red blood cells and then multiplied by 100 to express it as a percentage.