China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs), which are associated with cervical carcinoma, other anogenital cancers and a subset of head and neck cancers. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that is passed between people through skin-to-skin contact. There are over 100 varieties of HPV, more than 40 of which are passed through sexual contact and can affect the genitals, mouth, or throat. HPV can cause cervical and other cancers, including that of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. It can also cause cancer in the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils; that is called oropharyngeal cancer (de Martel et al. 2017; Timbang et al. 2019). Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV. The types of HPV that can cause genital warts are not the same as the types of HPV that can cause cancers.
Introduction to Cancer, Conventional Therapies, and Bionano-Based Advanced Anticancer Strategies
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
It is estimated that virus infections cause 17% of new cancers, globally. Viruses are microorganisms that increase the risk of cancer via cellular transformation, increased cell turnover rates, cell cycle control disruption, and immune suppression. Multiple links between viruses and cancer have been found. For example, human papillomavirus has been associated with cervical cancer and squamous cell cancers of the neck and the head. Hepatitis C and hepatitis B are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and adult T-cell leukemia have been found to have a link. Human herpes virus 8 is associated with primary effusion lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Epstein−Barr virus has been associated with Burkitt lymphoma [59].
Magnetic Nanosensors
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
Xu et al. (2008) developed a GMR biochip based on a spin-valve sensor array and magnetic nanoparticle labels for inexpensive, sensitive, and reliable DNA detection. The resistance of a GMR sensor changes with the magnetic field applied to the sensor, so a magnetically labeled biomolecule can induce a signal. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a subset of papillomaviruses that infects the epithelial cells of the skin and mucus membranes in humans. Infection with HPV is associated with various forms of cancers, including cervical cancer, cancer that starts in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina.
Classification of Cervical Cancer Using an Autoencoder and Cascaded Multilayer Perceptron
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
K.R. Akhila, N. Muthukumaran, A. Ahilan
Cervical cancer is a dangerous ailment that originates from cells of the cervix, situated between the vaginal canal and the uterus [1,2]. Several sorts of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause cervical cancer, which spreads through sexual contact. It develops when the DNA of normal cells in the cervix undergoes mutations [3]. The normal cells reproduce and expand at a certain rate before dying at a certain period. The mutation causes the cells to multiply and reproduce uncontrollably without dying [4]. The aberrant cells clump together to form a tumour. Cancer cells can split from the tumour and grow or disperse to other parts of the human body. The symptom includes vaginal bleeding that occurs later in a sexual encounter, during periods, or after menopausal [5,6]. Lower back or stomach pain may also develop, as well as a foul-smelling white discharge. There may be no symptoms in some cases. The prevention of cervical cancer can be achieved by screening assessments and vaccinations that protect against HPV infestation. According to current statistics, 5,70,000 females were reported with cervical cancer and about 3,12,000 females died [3]. The two major categories of cervical cancer are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It starts in the thin, flat cells that line the exterior portion of the cervix that extends into the vaginal canal [7]. Adenocarcinoma starts in the column-shaped glandular cells that lined the cervical canal. The cervix is a relatively rare site where both types of cells cause cervical cancer [8].
Connective data: Markov chain models and the datafication of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in Colombia
Published in Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 2021
Oscar Javier Maldonado Castañeda
This analysis approaches Markov chains as a device that is key in the calculation of the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccines and in the estimation of the burden of disease of cervical cancer and genital warts in Colombia. Cervical cancer is strongly associated with the persistent and untreated infection of specific types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). There are currently two vaccines that protect against the HPV types associated with 70% of cervical cancers. The technical studies developed in the introduction of HPV vaccines have justified it as right intervention based on the national epidemiological profile of the population and the burden of the disease in the country. After three years of debate about their cost-effectiveness, in 2012 the Colombian government introduced Gardasil® (Merck’s HPV vaccine) into the Colombian Expanded Programme of Immunization. Since that year, three million girls have received the vaccine in Colombia. The National Committee of Immunization Practices (NCIP) on behalf of the Ministry of Health approved the introduction of Gardasil into the expanded programme of immunization based on cost-effectiveness analyses developed by the National University. Markov chains constitute the key statistical device to produce the numbers that are required for policy discussion.
Dendrimer as a promising nanocarrier for the delivery of doxorubicin as an anticancer therapeutics
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Vanshikha Singh, Prashant Kesharwani
Cervical cancer lies amongst the fourth most prevalent cancer reported in women. It starts within the cells that lines the cervix (lowermost region of uterus connecting the vagina) and may metastasize to other regions such as liver, urinary bladder, rectum, or vagina. Almost, all the cases of cervical cancer are found associated with infection via human papilloma virus (HPV). The infection spreads slowly and hence can be treated at early stages but persistent infection by different strains of HPV might lead to the development of malignancy. Currently, various innovative drug delivery strategies are being devised for successfully treating cervical cancer [118].