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Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs), which are associated with cervical carcinoma, other anogenital cancers and a subset of head and neck cancers. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that is passed between people through skin-to-skin contact. There are over 100 varieties of HPV, more than 40 of which are passed through sexual contact and can affect the genitals, mouth, or throat. HPV can cause cervical and other cancers, including that of the vulva, vagina, penis, or anus. It can also cause cancer in the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils; that is called oropharyngeal cancer (de Martel et al. 2017; Timbang et al. 2019). Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV. The types of HPV that can cause genital warts are not the same as the types of HPV that can cause cancers.
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Published in Grimmer Gemot, Dr. Chem., Environmental Carcinogens: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 1983
When discussing the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their significance as carcinogens in man, we ought to consider the situation in oncology that is historically unique. It is these effects that in fact initiated the development of occupational medicine, preventive medicine, and the chemical analysis of these very hydrocarbons. In 1775 the English physician Percivall Pott22 described for the first time the carcinogenic effect of soot and coal tar in chimney sweeps. This job was generally performed by small underweight boys who had to force themselves into the narrow chimneys for sweeping. Thus their clothes and skin came constantly into contact with coal tar. As a consequence of this chronic impact of coal tar, these chimney sweeps developed papillomas on the basis of dermatitis, corium fibrosis, and hyperkeratosis. In some cases the papillomas deteriorated into malignant tumors. Preferred localizations were the flexure of the groin and the scrotum. These first observations on the carcinogenic effect of coal tar by Pott were confirmed and extended at the end of last century by the German surgeon von Volkmann,35 who noticed the frequent occurrence of skin papillomas and carcinomas in coal tar workers in the lignite mining area of Halle, East Germany. Between 1922 and 1933, English groups working with Ernest Kennaway17 identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar and discovered in animal experiments, predominantly with mice, that these PAH carry the carcinogenic activity of coal tar. It could be shown that these hydrocarbons account for up to 3% of the tar depending on its type and composition.
Human Factors in Organisations
Published in Mark W. Wiggins, Introduction to Human Factors for Organisational Psychologists, 2022
The most significant feature associated with Figure 2.1 is the initial reduction in the rate across a relatively short period of time. This is indicative of the impact of relatively significant, systemic changes within the operational environment. For example, within the aviation context, the advent of the jet age and the introduction of sophisticated air traffic control systems were factors that markedly reduced the rate of aircraft accidents. Similarly, the discovery of a vaccine for human papilloma virus has reduced the incidence of cervical cancer amongst women (Franco & Harper, 2005).
Dendrimer as a promising nanocarrier for the delivery of doxorubicin as an anticancer therapeutics
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Vanshikha Singh, Prashant Kesharwani
Cervical cancer lies amongst the fourth most prevalent cancer reported in women. It starts within the cells that lines the cervix (lowermost region of uterus connecting the vagina) and may metastasize to other regions such as liver, urinary bladder, rectum, or vagina. Almost, all the cases of cervical cancer are found associated with infection via human papilloma virus (HPV). The infection spreads slowly and hence can be treated at early stages but persistent infection by different strains of HPV might lead to the development of malignancy. Currently, various innovative drug delivery strategies are being devised for successfully treating cervical cancer [118].
Inhibition of Proliferation of HeLa Cells by Pulsed Electric Field Treated Mentha piperita (Mint) Extract
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Thulasidas Jeya Shree, Varadarajan Gowri Sree, Sadasivam Poompavai, Elisabetta Sieni, Paolo Sgarbossa, Ignacio Camarillo, Raji Sundararajan
Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in women and more than a quarter of its global burden is contributed by developing countries. Cervical cancer occurs in woman’s reproductive organs which originates in the lower part of the uterus, cervix. Cervical cancer is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). The E6 and E7 genes present in the genome of HPV suppress the activity of two tumor suppressor genes, Rb and p53, thereby triggering uncontrolled proliferation of the cells [1].