China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Figure 5.71b is an image produced by a micro convex array; note the basic sector shape. This has been used to enable visualisation of a needle advanced into the optimum position for aspiration of a pancreatic pseudocyst, for content analysis and symptom relief.
Bioburden and transmission of pathogenic bacteria through elevator channel during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: application of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for characterization of clonal strains
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Masoumeh Azimirad, Masoud Alebouyeh, Amir Sadeghi, Elham Khodamoradi, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Amir Houshang Mohammad Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza Zali
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used increasingly for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases, including choledocholithiasis, gallstone pancreatitis, and bile duct or pancreatic duct stenosis [1]. Bacterial infection is the most morbid complications of ERCP, which can cause ERCP-related death through septic cholangitis, liver abscess, acute cholecystitis, and pancreatic pseudocyst [2]. During the procedure, bacteria can enter the biliary tract and colonize this tissue via contaminated device and its related instruments [3]. Difficulty in reprocessing, cleaning and disinfection of duodenoscopes, such as elevator mechanism, converted this medical device as a reservoir for life-threatening infections. The infection in this organ causes more frequently through enteric bacterial flora [4]. Several outbreaks were reported in association to used contaminated endoscopes during ERCP procedure in recent years [5–11]. Although these outbreaks were mainly related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococci, sources of these bacteria and their transmission routes were not well characterized.