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Animal Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Researchers are trying to find a dream drug or therapy for all neurological disorders, which are not currently curable. In order to make this dream drug, researchers have to first create neurological disorder-like conditions in the animals and test the drug or cells in these animal models. In the last few years, researchers have been able to model human diseases in animals. The stroke model in animals is created by restricting blood flow to the brain, and Parkinson-like syndrome can be created by injecting neurotoxins into the substantia nigra region of the midbrain, which are known to be involved in Parkinson’s disease. Such studies can be difficult to interpret, and it is argued that they are not always comparable to human diseases. For example, although such models are now widely used to study Parkinson’s disease, the British anti-vivisection interest group (British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection or BUAV) argues that these models only superficially resemble the disease symptoms, without the same time course or cellular pathology. In contrast, scientists, as well as the medical research charity, attest to the usefulness of animal models of Parkinson’s disease. The Parkinson’s appeal states that these models were invaluable and that they led to improved surgical treatments such as pallidotomy, new drug treatments such as levodopa, and later, deep brain stimulation.
Animal biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
Researchers are trying to find a dream drug or therapy for all neurological disorders, which are not curable now. In order to make the dream drug, researchers have to first create neurological disorder-like conditions in the animals and test the drug or cells in these animal models. In the last few years, researchers are now able to model human diseases in animals. The stroke model in animals is created by restricting blood flow to the brain, and Parkinson-like syndrome can be created by injecting neurotoxins into the substantia nigra region of the midbrain, which are known to be involved in Parkinson’s disease. Such studies can be difficult to interpret, and it is argued that they are not always comparable to human diseases. For example, although such models are now widely used to study Parkinson’s disease, the British antivivisection (BUAV) interest group argues that these models only superficially resemble the disease symptoms, without the same time course or cellular pathology. In contrast, scientists assess the usefulness of animal models of Parkinson’s disease, as well as the medical research charity. The Parkinson’s appeal states that these models were invaluable and that they led to improved surgical treatments such as pallidotomy, new drug treatments such as levodopa, and later, deep brain stimulation.
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: current trends and future directions
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Antonella Macerollo, Ludvic Zrinzo, Harith Akram, Thomas Foltynie, Patricia Limousin
However, following the introduction and routine use of Levodopa, patients with PD began to develop motor fluctuations and dyskinesia and, thus, there was a need to identify new therapies to address these issues [15]. In the early 1990s, Leksell’s posteroventral pallidotomy enjoyed a revival. Indeed, several studies showed that parkinsonian tremor, rigidity, and hypokinesia can be effectively abolished by posteroventral pallidotomy. The significant effect of posteroventral pallidotomy is believed to be based on the interruption of some striopallidal or subthalamopallidal pathways, which results in disinhibition of medial pallidal activity necessary for movement control [16].