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CDS Systems: Past, Present, and Future
Published in Paul Cerrato, John Halamka, Reinventing Clinical Decision Support, 2020
Previous chapters have highlighted the value of AI in a variety of diagnostic scenarios, including the diagnosing of diabetic retinopathy, breast cancer, and melanoma. But AI is also making progress in the radiology suite itself, offering clinicians tools that move beyond the traditional picture archiving and communication system (PACS). In the past, frontline practitioners would typically receive a plain text document from a radiologist. They would then have to review the images in question in a separate system. One problem with this approach is that it’s easy to misinterpret comments in the text report when it is not directly linked to a specific spot on the image in the second application. In practical terms, this means that the referring clinician may think the radiologist is referring to one abnormality on the image when he or she is actually referring to a different problem located elsewhere. Linking the two applications together and adding hyperlinks can significantly improve the quality of the report and the referring physician’s ability to interpret the radiology findings.
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging
Published in P. Kaliraj, T. Devi, Artificial Intelligence Theory, Models, and Applications, 2021
The CAD models have been developed by the integration of the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) with the Hospital Information Systems (HIS) and Radiology Information Systems (RIS). The PACS are the foundation of filmless radiology or Digital Medical Imaging. It is a way of getting images from various medical imaging modalities (Radiography, CT, MRI, medical ultrasound, etc.) in the standard DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) format, send those images to another computed system that can be accessed by Radiologists, and store them in large databases.
Pacs, Vendor Neutral Archives and Picture Storage
Published in Alexander Peck, Clark’s Essential PACS, RIS and Imaging Informatics, 2017
A PACS is a centralised computer-based system designed to manage healthcare images acquired as part of the examination process via digital image acquisition modalities. It provides the facility for the storage, distribution, and electronic display of the acquired images, supporting clinical diagnostics, improving the patient journey, enhancing clinical care, and allowing for more detailed treatment or follow-up planning.
Evaluation of validity and reliability of novel rapid measurement for infundibulopelvic angle: a comparison with PACS system
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Gaojie Zhang, Qiao Xu, Yongbo Zheng, Yu Jiang, Yueqiang Peng, Linfeng Wang, Siwei Ding, Jiayu Liu
Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is currently the primary method measuring and evaluating IPA when patients with LPC have finished radiological examinations [11,17]. PACS is widely applied by various medical institutions due to its favorable stability and operative simplicity; however, these systems typically have their roots in hospital computer networks and are not portable or easily accessible to a large user base. The inclinometer, which can be found in nearly every smartphone as an inherent function, works to measure cellphones’ inclination during photographing in circumstance without computer assistance. Inclinometers have been widely used to measure and evaluate various sorts of anatomical angles in orthopedic [18], physiotherapy [19], and orthodontics fields [20]. Efficacy for the measurement of Cobb angles by inclinometer has also been shown in recent research as compare to PACS [21].
DICOM metadata quality auditing for medical imaging stakeholders characterisation: a pilot study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2019
Milton Rodrigues Santos, Augusto Silva, Nelson Pacheco Rocha
On the other hand, information regarding the results of imaging procedures may be found in metadata related to the medical imaging exams stored in Picture Archive and Communication Systems (PACS). The adoption of the DICOM standard to support PACS implementations promotes the deployment of integrated information systems that allow the access and visualisation of medical imaging exams produced by different equipment and medical imaging modalities (Aronsky and Haug 2000).
IoT-based patient stretcher movement simulation in smart hospital using type-2 fuzzy sets systems
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2023
C. B. Sivaparthipan, M. Anand, Nidhi Agarwal, Mallika Dhingra, Laxmi Raja, Akila Victor, S. A. Amala Nirmal Doss
With the help of the interface design, the patient stretcher can be tracked with the help of the GPS tracking sensor. This sensor connects to the sensor attached to the stretcher. Then it forms the system to produce the information about where the bed is located and the patient details who occupied it. Here the medical images are captured, and the many types of the sensor make a full analysis of the system to produce the formation of the digital information in the communication capabilities (Kataria et al. 2021). The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard provides a thorough description of the information content, structure, encoding, and communications protocols for the electronic transaction of diagnostic and therapeutic images as well as image-related data. It is most frequently used to store and transmit medical images, making it possible to integrate medical imaging equipment from many manufacturers, including scanners, servers, workstations, printers, network infrastructure, and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). This mechanism provides automatic movements of the stretcher. Between the stretcher and microcontroller, the driver circuit act as an interface. AT mega microcontroller is the heart of the system and has 54 input and output pins. It has 4 Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UARTs) and 16 analogue inputs. A UART is typically an individual integrated circuit (IC) used for serial communications through a serial port on a computer or peripheral device. Microcontroller chips frequently include one or more UART peripherals. Automobiles, smart cards, and SIMs all make use of specialised UARTs. In UART, local clock references are used to detect data through baud rate generation. The sender generates a clock signal that determines the transmission rate, which the receiver also uses to detect incoming data. The receiver generates its clock signal and uses it to sample the data at regular intervals determined by the local clock. Data is transmitted as a series of bits, starting with a start bit, followed by data bits, and ending with a stop bit. The receiver samples the data at the midpoint of each data bit using the local clock reference to ensure accurate detection, even when the sender and receiver clocks are not perfectly synchronised. The sensors provide the data to the controller through the input pins and update the data to the server using the UART port. It makes the stretcher move. Here, the biometric sensor gets each patient’s information through the fingerprint. The respiration sensor is used for monitoring and gives information about the depth of breathing. The respiration sensor is a sensitive girth sensor that is attached to a length-adjustable webbing belt by an easy-fitting high durability woven elastic band. The respiration waveform is produced once the chest or abdominal expansion or contraction is recognised. The heartbeat sensor is also attached to this system. When the patient’s fingerprint is placed on the sensor, the digital output of the patient’s heartbeat is shown in the indicator.