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Drug Discovery from Natural Products
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Lucindo José Quintans Júnior, Nagamony Ponpandian, Nanophytomedicine, 2023
S.E. Bianchi, L.A. Frank, I.A. Alves, M.R. Serafini
Another patent application, invented by Bharate et al. (2020) from Canada, used an active constituent of Crocus sativus extract or fraction, named Crocin-1, for treatment of chronic inflammatory (Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis). The oral administration is considered the preferred and most convenient means of administering drugs to the patient. The formulations described in the patent are for the controlled or prolonged release of bioactive compounds, containing Crocus sativus extract or its enriched fraction.
Plant Product-Based Nanomedicine for Malignancies: Types and Therapeutic Effects
Published in Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Majid Kamli, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Hesham F. Alharby, Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in the Biological Sciences, 2022
Zuha Imtiyaz, Tabish Mehraj, Andleeb Khan, Mir Tahir Maqbool, Rukhsana Akhter, Mufeed Imtiyaz, Wajhul Qamar, Azher Arafah, Muneeb U. Rehman
The oral drug delivery is globally preferred method for consuming drugs because of advantages of being noninvasive, pain free, and convenient to manage. However, the oral administration is also associated with certain drawbacks like bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Bioavailability is the major challenge for orally administered drugs. Before reaching to its target site, a drug has to overcome multiple compartments of the body or multiple barriers, including intestinal mucosa, epithelial, or endothelial layers, where a drug comes under different cellular conditions like pH and temperature variations or enzymatic catalysis. To overcome such challenges, encapsulation of drug into nanocarrier would protect the drug from environmental variations in the human body thereby considerably enhancing the bioavailability and efficacy of oral dosage forms (Reinholz et al., 2018).
Contribution of Bioavailable Silicon in Human Health
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Consumer intake of silica from food has been estimated at 9.4 mg/kg body weight/day, of which 1.8 mg/kg body weight/day was estimated to be in the nano-size range (i.e., 5–200 nm) up to 43% of the total silica content. The behavior and biological effects in the gastrointestinal tract associated with oral administration remains unknown. In chronic toxicity study, rats were exposed to 100, 1000, or 2500 mg/kg body weight/day per os of SAS, or to 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg body weight/day of NM-202 (a representative nanostructured silica) for 28 days, or to the highest dose of SAS or NM-202 for 84 days. After in vitro digestion, the intestinal content of the mid/high-dose groups had stronger gel-like properties than the low-dose groups, implying low gelation and high bioaccessibility of silica in the human intestine at relevant consumer exposure levels. After 84 days of SAS exposure, but not NM-202, silica accumulated in the spleen. Histopathological analysis revealed increased liver fibrosis after 84 days of exposure with a significant increase in hepatic expression of fibrosis-related genes.
Influence of novel carrier Soluplus® on aqueous stability, oral bioavailability, and anticancer activity of Morin hydrate
Published in Drying Technology, 2019
Abhijeet D. Kulkarni, Veena S. Belgamwar
Over the past few decades, researchers have become keenly interested in polyphenols mainly for their antioxidant properties and possible role in the prevention of various disorders triggered by oxidative stress, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.[1] Oral administration always had been the preferred route of drug administration due to its comfort, better patient compliance, and low incurred cost. However, poor aqueous solubility and low dissolution rates of polyphenols largely compromise its in vivo performance. Most of the polyphenols fall in class II and IV of the BCS classification system and pose a significant challenge in relation to oral bioavailability ultimately affecting its potential health benefits and further clinical success.[2]
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of an orally administered mucoadhesive chitosan-coated amphotericin B-Loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) in rats
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Janet Sui Ling Tan, Clive Roberts, Nashiru Billa
Upon oral administration, most drugs are absorbed from the small intestine to the systemic circulation via the portal blood vein. However, for lipid formulations or hydrophobic drugs, intestinal lymphatic pathway provides an alternative route, which bypasses the hepatic first pass metabolism at the liver and results in improved bioavailability [9–11]. Additionally, this route portrays a distinctive characteristic whereby the transportation of the drug occurs over a longer period of time compared to the portal vein route. Thus, lymphatic pathway can be exploited for prolonged delivery of therapeutic agents to the systemic circulation [12].
Exploiting of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Capparis spinosa L. Fruit for spectrophotometric determination of diphenhydramine HCl in pure forms and commercial products
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2023
Fadam M. Abdoon, Hasan M. Hasan, Sarhan A. Salman, Suham T. Ameen, Mequanint Birhan
Diphenhydramine(DPH) is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic, antitussive, antiemetic, and sedative properties and is primarily used to treat allergies. DPH blocks the binding of histamine to the H1 receptor, reducing symptoms. It reduces histamine-related vasodilation and increases capillary permeability. After oral administration, it is readily absorbed and dispersed significantly throughout the body, including the central nervous system. It is primarily eliminated in the urine as metabolites after being metabolised in the liver [1, 2].