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Toxic Responses of the Lung
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Arsine is a colorless, very highly toxic gas with a faint, garlic-like odor. Although arsine as such is not used in industry, it is apt to be encountered wherever arsenic, even in scrap metals, becomes moist under reducing conditions with free hydrogen. In addition, arsine is involved in the smelting and refining of various arsenic-containing ores. Upon inhalation, arsine damages lungs and passes into the bloodstream where it causes hemolytic destruction of the red blood cells. Invariably, the sign observed in arsine poisoning is hemoglobinemia, appearing with discoloration of the urine up to port wine hue. Jaundice sets in on the second or third day and may be intense. Coincident with these effects is a severe hemolytic-type anemia. Severe renal damage may occur with oliguria or complete suppression of urinary function, leading to uremia and death. Where death does not occur, recovery is prolonged.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Arsine is a colorless, very highly toxic gas with a faint, garlic-like odor. Although arsine as such is not used in industry, it is apt to be encountered wherever arsenic, even in scrap metals, becomes moist under reducing conditions with free hydrogen. In addition, arsine is involved in the smelting and refining of various arsenic-containing ores. Upon inhalation, arsine damages lungs and passes into the bloodstream where it causes hemolytic destruction of the red blood cells. Invariably, the sign observed in arsine poisoning is hemoglobinemia, appearing with discoloration of the urine up to port wine hue. Jaundice sets in on the second or third day and may be intense. Coincident with these effects is a severe hemolytic-type anemia. Severe renal damage may occur with oliguria or complete suppression of urinary function, leading to uremia and death. Where death does not occur, recovery is prolonged.
Renal damage induced by the pesticide methyl parathion in male Wistar rats
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Victor Hugo Fuentes-Delgado, María Consolación Martínez-Saldaña, María Luisa Rodríguez-Vázquez, Miguel Arturo Reyes-Romero, José Luis Reyes-Sánchez, Fernando Jaramillo-Juárez
A reduced urinary flow rate (oliguria) was found in MP-treated rats. Oliguria may be due to a fall in renal blood flow that may produce a reduction in GFR, thus delaying urine production (Jaramillo-Juárez, Mello-Aires, and Malnic 1990). Increased levels of creatinine in plasma produced by MP may be a factor related to GFR reduction and oliguria. During ARF, the urine output is often less than intake, leading to progressive urine retention (López-Novoa et al. 2011; Rose and Rennke 1994). The residual level of GFR may be the primary determinant of variations in urine flow rate during ARF (Rahman and Conger 1994). Several OP insecticides such as diazinon and chlorpyrifos were found to produce renal damage and dysfunction in animals (Shah and Iqbal 2010; Tripathi and Srivastav 2010).