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Biotechnological Modes of Xylooligosaccharides Production from Waste Biomass: An Economic and Ecological Approach
Published in Prakash K. Sarangi, Latika Bhatia, Biotechnology for Waste Biomass Utilization, 2023
Latika Bhatia, Khageshwari Karsh, Suman Sahu, Dilip Kumar Sahu, Sonia Johri
Oligosaccharides are the small chain of monomers that are midways of monosaccharides and polysaccharides. They constitute a vital group of carbohydrates present in all living organisms. A few examples of oligosaccharides are fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharides, lactosucrose, isomalto-oligosaccharides, glucooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharide, mannan oligosaccharides, etc. These are considered functional foods or functional oligosaccharides (Cui et al., 2013). Chief sources of these functional oligo-saccharides are milk, honey, sugarcane juice, soybean, lentils, mustard, fruits, vegetables, and bamboo shoots, however, their precise concentration is yet to be explored. Pseudomonas aurantiaca is a source of lactosucrose. Oligosac-charides play important roles as bulking agents, sweeteners, and humectants that are employed in food products during their preparation (Kothari et al., 2014). These oligosaccharides are excellent prebiotics. They are able to resist digestive enzyme and supports the probiotic population like bifidobacterium in mice and the human gut. These findings exhibit that these oligosaccharides are potential prebiotics and can be utilized for the preparation of prebiotic or symbiotic food products. Xylan is the second most profound biopolymer in the plant kingdom. Xylan hydrolysis leads to the formation of XOS. (Jnawali et al., 2017).
Marine algae–degrading enzymes and their applications in marine oligosaccharide preparation
Published in Antonio Trincone, Enzymatic Technologies for Marine Polysaccharides, 2019
Benwei Zhu, Limin Ning, Yun Sun, Zhong Yao
The carrageenases have been the focus of related fields and have drawn increasing attention because of their widespread applications in various aspects. First, the carrageenases were used for production of carrageenan oligosaccharides. It has been reported that the degraded carrageenan, namely, the carrageenan oligosaccharides, possessed various activities. For instance, Yuan and Song (2005) discovered that the low-molecular-weight (LMW) carrageenan oligosaccharides exhibited anti-tumor activity. Yao et al. (2014) found that the carrageenan oligosaccharides displayed obvious antiangiogenic activity and could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of ECV304 cells (Aliste et al. 2000). Additionally, the oligosaccharides also showed antioxidant, antivirus, and enhanced immunostimulatory activities (Pérez-Riverol et al. 2014; Sun et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2011; Yuan et al. 2005, 2011). The activity of carrageenan oligosaccharides was closely related to their structure, including their molecular weights and the content and location of sulfated groups (Thomson et al. 1981). Enzymatic preparation of carrageenan oligosaccharides has the advantage of mild conditions, specific structure, and controllable procedure. As a result, it is promising for preparation of carrageenan oligosaccharides using the enzymatic method.
Exploration of Extremophiles for Value-Added Products
Published in Pratibha Dheeran, Sachin Kumar, Extremophiles, 2022
Surojit Bera, Trinetra Mukherjee, Subhabrata Das, Sandip Mondal, Suprabhat Mukherjee, Sagnik Chakraborty
These enzymes are also environment friendly and play role in bioremediation and biodegradation. Utilization of biomass plays a crucial role in the production of renewable biofuel. The oligosaccharides produced from the action of these enzymes have several pharmaceutical and medical uses such as immunomodulation, probiotics, antioxidants, regulators of blood glucose and lipids, drug delivery, agriculture, cosmetics feed, dietary fibre and sweetener (Patel and Goyal 2011). Some enzymes like alcohol dehydrogenase, aldolase, amidase, nitrilase and glucose isomerase are useful in the synthesis and transformation of various chemicals, production of oligosaccharides and other pharmaceuticals (Demirjian et al. 2001).
Two β-glucanases from bacterium Cellulomonas flavigena: expression in Pichia pastoris, properties, biotechnological potential
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Alexander Lisov, Oksana Belova, Zoya Lisova, Alexey Nagel, Andrey Shadrin, Zhanna Andreeva-Kovalevskaya, Maxim Nagornykh, Marina Zakharova, Alexey Leontievsky
1,3-1,4-β-glucanase is widely used for biotechnological purposes. The enzyme is used in the brewing industry to reduce the haze and viscosity of brewing mash.[14] Treatment of the mash with 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase reduces its filtration time.[15] The enzyme improves the nutritional quality of animal feed. When exposed to water, β-glucans swell and increase the viscosity of the chime, thus preventing intestinal absorption and the interaction of digestive enzymes with the chime.[16] 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase degrades β-glucans, thus eliminating their negative effects. The enzyme improved the nutritional value of the barley-based feed better than that of endo-1,4-β glucanase.[17] Many oligosaccharides are prebiotics that increases the growth of beneficial intestinal microbiota.[18] High molecular weight beta-glucans as well as oligosaccharides from beta-glucans also increase the growth of beneficial bacteria.[19,20] 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase can be used to produce oligosaccharides as food additives.
Optimization of the production conditions of tri-GOS and lactosucrose from lactose and sucrose with recombinant β -galactosidase
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Xueyi Liao, Yongjun Li, Yeqing Li, Wenming Xiong, Xiaodi Pi
In the global upsurge of health care products, oligosaccharides have been favored by consumers as functional food owing to their diversity and uniqueness, which stimulates the research and development of new oligosaccharides. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are oligosaccharides typically produced from lactose, which consists of a variable number of galactose units (usually in the range of 1–5) combined with terminal glucose through glycosidic bonds.[1,2] GOS was first discovered in animal milk and is a natural prebiotic oligosaccharide,[3] which is indigestible and stable against hydrolysis by digestive enzymes. More than 90% of GOS can pass into the colon[4] and selectively stimulate the growth and reproduction of Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract. Thus, GOS intake may have many health benefits, such as immunological stimulation, reducing the risk of cancer, mineral absorption promotion, cholesterol reduction, and blood pressure reduction.[1,2,5–8] Moreover, several researchers have demonstrated that tri- and tetra-GOS are completely metabolized by intestinal gut flora.[9,10]
Effects of ultra-high pressure on effective synthesis of fructooligosaccharides and fructotransferase activity using Pectinex Ultra SP-L and inulinase from Aspergillus niger
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Arthitaya Kawee-Ai, Worraprat Chaisuwan, Apisit Manassa, Phisit Seesuriyachan
Due to the increase in health improvement and diet quality, the functional foods have gained increasing scrutiny. Prebiotics are one part of the functional foods, which can improve the balance, growth, and activity of various kinds of intestinal bacteria.[1] Inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), soybean oligosaccharides (SOS), and inulooligosaccharides (IOS) are non-digestible carbohydrates that are considered prebiotics.[2] These oligosaccharides are helpful in minimizing many kinds of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, acute infection, inflammatory, and cardiovascular disorders.[3] Unlike the other oligosaccharides, FOS and inulin are the most popular non-digestible carbohydrates used in different food products due to their functional properties and health benefits.[2]