China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Designing for Upper Torso and Arm Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
When you straighten your elbow, the olecranon process of the ulna fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus. With your elbow flexed (bent), you can feel the olecranon process, or olecranon, as the tip of your elbow. The olecranon is the landmark used to divide the upper arm and lower arm when drafting a fitted sleeve pattern. A fitted sleeve cannot be a simple cylinder. A dart in the back underarm seam is usually used to shape the sleeve contour, with the point of the dart directed to the olecranon. An elbow dart or darts “fit the natural bend in the arm and allow arm motion” (MacDonald, 2010, p. 39). Elbow pads for athletes or people at risk for falls can protect the olecranon but must allow elbow motion. Elbow pads may also be used to protect an inflamed bursa—a soft tissue swelling ranging in size from a golf ball to a softball—surrounding the olecranon. These pads should be comfortable and accommodate the swollen area.
A custom-made distal humerus plate fabricated by selective laser melting
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Thansita Thomrungpiyathan, Suriya Luenam, Boonrat Lohwongwatana, Winai Sirichativapee, Kriengkrai Nabudda, Chedtha Puncreobutr
In this study, left synthetic humerus bones (Sawbones, USA) were used instead of cadaveric bone to equalize bone material for comparison of plate’s stiffness. To create distal humerus fracture similarly to the previous section, transverse osteotomy was performed across the top of the olecranon fossa to remove a 6 mm bone piece in the transversal plane (Figure 3(a)). Preparation of custom-made distal humerus plates (customized single and double plates) was done by SLM fabrication, followed by heat treatment and surface finishing process (Meticuly, Thailand). The manufacturing of 3D-printed plates could take 3–5 days and the is around 1500 USD. Subsequently, fixations of manufactured titanium plates and commercial titanium screws were carried out in accordance with plating configuration illustrated in Figure 1(b). The completed fixation of custom-made plates on fractured synthetic humeri is shown in Figure 3(a). Prior to the test, each specimen was fixed to a material testing machine (ElectroPuls E10000, Instron, USA) by placing the proximal end of the humerus in a bespoke holding device and attaching the distal end to a custom-made epoxy resin mold (Figure 3(b)).