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Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Musculus obturator internus have a strong association to both gemelli muscles. Insertion: The origin is on the inner surface of the pelvis bone (obturator membrane) and on the peripheral margin of the obturator foramen. Another origin insertion is on the inner surface of the ischium, pubis, and ilium. The origin with its connective fascia covers a large part of the ischium. Action: It is a lateral rotator together with both gemelli muscles. Innervation is assured from the sacral plexus branches.
Influence of simulated hip muscle weakness on hip joint forces during deep squatting
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Hiroshige Tateuchi, Momoko Yamagata, Akihiro Asayama, Noriaki Ichihashi
Based on previous studies reporting that hip muscle strength in patients with groin pain or FAI is approximately 10%–35% lower than that in healthy individuals (Casartelli et al., 2011; Frasson et al., 2020; Harris-Hayes et al., 2014; Kloskowska et al., 2016), simulations were performed under three conditions of each muscle for each squat task: full-strength simulation (without muscle weakness), mild muscle weakness (15% decrease), and severe muscle weakness (30% decrease). In the muscle weakened models, before inverse dynamics analysis, muscle volume was modified by 15% and 30% decrease of the original muscle volume against the following muscle for exploring the effects of each muscle volume on hip internal contact force, separately: superior and inferior gluteus maximus (sGlutMax and iGlutMax), anterior and posterior gluteus medius (aGlutMed and pGlutMed), anterior, middle, and posterior gluteus minimus, semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), biceps femoris long head (BF), distal, middle, and proximal adductor magnus, gracilis (Grac), adductor longus (AddLong), psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, deep external rotator muscles (ExtRot) including piriformis, obturator internus and externus, gemellus superior and inferior, and quadratus femoris, and combined iGlutMax and ExtRot (iGlutMax+ExtRot).
A computational study of organ relocation after laparoscopic pectopexy to repair posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2020
Pre-smoothing and repairing of holes in the visualised model (Figure 3(a)) after 3D reconstruction is done by using the 3D mesh processing software MeshLab4. Other artefacts such as distorted elements (aspect ratio, angular and volumetric) were hard to map onto physical coordinates. Also, finite element (FE) simulations with many distorted elements and/or extreme deformations may have problems to converge. Therefore, the Rhino software5 is used to repair and transform the irregular surfaces into smooth free-form surfaces based on non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) as shown in Figure 3(b). NURBS are easier to handle, robust in defining physical coordinates of irregular morphology and produce smooth surfaces for FE mesh generation. The completed FE model of the female pelvis consists of 24 structures: eight ligaments (two uterosacrals, one umbilical, two cardinal, two pubourethral and one anococcygeal), eight muscles (two obturator internus, two coccygeus and LA comprising of pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puborectalis and external anal sphincter), five organs (bladder, urethra, cervical portion of uterus, vagina and rectum), two perineal structures (perineal membrane and perineal body) and the endopelvic fascia as the connective fascia, see Figure 3(b). The organs in the female pelvis were created hollow structures: the respective dimensions are listed in Table 1. The detailed methodology of creating a 3D model from plastinated slices has been described elsewhere (Sora et al. 2012; Bhattarai et al. 2018).