China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ligament Reconstruction with Reference to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament of the Knee
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
Ligaments in and around the knee are plentiful. Four of these are major contributors to the stability of the knee. They can be split into two groups: the cruciates and the collateral ligaments. Other smaller ligaments exist in the knee. These include the oblique popliteal ligament, the arcuate complex, and the transverse ligament. Their size and even existence vary from person to person. They have little independent relevance to the stability of the knee and can usually be considered part of the capsule. These smaller ligaments, together with the lateral collateral ligament and iliotibial band (11B), are collectively called the lateral compartment. Of the group the ITB is probably the greatest contributor to the stability of the knee.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The menisci are crescent-shaped cartilages that are wedge shaped in cross-section and are situated on the articular surfaces of the tibia. The transverse ligament joins the anterior ends of the two menisci. The patella is a sesamoid bone and is situated in the ligamentum patellae, the central part of the quadriceps tendon. The joint is surrounded by the ligamentum patellae, quadriceps femoris, oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament and tibial and fibular collateral ligaments. The movements of the joint between the femur and the tibia are complex. Flexion involves slight medial rotation of the tibia on the femur, and extension involves slight lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur.
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Oblique popliteal ligament, with its popliteus muscle, is relatively short. Its insertions have been described in the beginning of this chapter (see popliteus muscle). Arcuate popliteal ligament, origin of insertion is on the lateral condyle of the femur and distally inserts on the lateral side of the head of the fibula. Fibular collateral ligament, origin of insertion is at the superior part of the lateral epicondyle of the femur. The distal insertion is on the head of the fibula on the anterolateral side. This ligament is in contact with femoral fascia.
Polynomial chaos expansion based sensitivity analysis of predicted knee reactions—assessing the influence of the primary ligaments in distraction based models
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Mhd Ammar Hafez, Jason P. Halloran
Specimen-specific bone anatomy and anatomical landmarks were defined using preoperative CT images, per the Mako Robotic-Arm Assisted Surgery System (Stryker) procedure (Grau et al. 2019). Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of each knee were also acquired and used to locate the insertion sites for all included ligaments, which were rigidly transformed onto the CT-based bone anatomy by minimizing the distance between the triangular mesh-based bone surfaces and sets of specimen-specific MRI-defined point clouds. To define ligament insertion sites, two points were found on the femur and two on the tibia for each included bundle (four points total). Each set of two points approximated the longest width of an insertion site. The ligament and bone-specific insertion points defined the ‘margins’ of each bundle, where the insertion point on the femur connected with the corresponding point on the tibia (Figure 1a). The Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), and Oblique popliteal ligament (OPL) were included in each model (LaPrade et al. 2003). The PCL was modeled as two bundles, the anterolateral PCL (alPCL) and posteromedial PCL (pmPCL) (Anderson et al. 2012). The MCL was modeled as three bundles, the proximal and distal superficial MCL (sMCLProx, sMCLDist) and the deep MCL (dMCL) (LaPrade et al. 2007). Similar to previous work (Stoltze et al. 2018), the computational model summed the ligaments forces in the femoral coordinate frame and used equilibrium equations in three-dimensions to calculate medial and lateral condylar reactions at each pose. Specifically, the forces and moments generated by the ligaments were known and the resulting compressive forces on each condyle were calculated (Figure 1b). Each ligament was modeled as a set of nonlinear elastic springs (Figure 1c).