China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Putting a Cell Together
Published in Thomas M. Nordlund, Peter M. Hoffmann, Quantitative Understanding of Biosystems, 2019
Thomas M. Nordlund, Peter M. Hoffmann
The nucleolus is an active body that is involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced, these ribosomes are exported out of the nucleus. The nucleolus has also been studied extensively by electron microscopy. Many images can be viewed at http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMNucleolus.html, though it helps if you can read German. Since nucleoli synthesize subunits that form ribosomes, the cell’s protein-producing factories, the size and organization of the nucleolus depends on the ribosomal requirements of the type of cell in which it is found. In cells that produce large amounts of protein, significant numbers of ribosomes are needed, and the nucleolus is large, as much as 25% of the nuclear volume.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Nucleolus (L. nucleolus, a small nucleus) is an RNA-rich intranuclear organelle in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, produced by a nucleolar organizer. It represents the storage place for ribosomes and ribosome precursors. The nucleolus consists primarily of ribosomal precursor RNA, ribosomal RNA, their associated proteins, and some, perhaps all, of the enzymatic equipment (RNA polymerase, RNA methylase, RNA cleavage enzymes) required for synthesis, conversion and assembly of ribosomes. Subsequently the ribosomes are transported to the cytoplasm.
Biomolecules and Complex Biological Entities
Published in Simona Badilescu, Muthukumaran Packirisamy, BioMEMS, 2016
Simona Badilescu, Muthukumaran Packirisamy
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the physical carrier of inheritance. All DNA, with the exception of DNA found in the chloroplast and mitochondrion, is found in the nucleus. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is formed in the nucleus using the DNA base sequence as a template, and then it moves out into the cytoplasm. The nucleolus is the area of the nucleus where ribosomes are constructed.
Larvicidal and pathological effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Artemisia herba-alba against Spodoptera littoralis through feeding and contact application
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Raghda S. El-Ashmouny, Magda H. Rady, Bouthaina A. Merdan, T. A. A. El-Sheikh, Rasha E. Hassan, El Gohary E El Gohary
Application of Ar-AgNPs through feeding demonstrated various degrees of deformations in the gut region as shown in Figure 7 (II). These observations were compatible with Kalimuthu, et al. [68], who noted that midgut cells of Aedes aegypti 4th instar larvae showed degeneration of nuclei and brush border after exposure to AgNPs. Sundararajan et al. [69] observed histological alterations in the midgut and digestive tract of Ae. aegypti 3rd and 4th instar larvae after treatment with gold nanoparticles. Yasur and Usha [70], in their study on nanoparticle effects on plants and insects, confirmed penetration into cell organelles and localization of nanoparticles at mitochondria or nucleolus in both plant and insect tissues. They suggested the possible use of nanoparticles to deliver pesticides or fertilizers.
Depletion of carbon dots in stimulated emission depletion microscopy developed with 405/532 nm continuous-wave lasers
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2022
Wenxuan Zhao, Shenghua Ma, Yueqiang Zhu, Chen Zhang, Xiaoqiang Feng, Wei Zhao, Guiren Wang, Kaige Wang
Currently, carbon dots (CDs) composed of non-toxic carbon are recognized as a novel type of fluorescence marker and display excellent biocompatibility, facile functionalization with multicolour imaging capability [22]. Besides, CDs have high fluorescence quantum yields which could be up to 25.6% [23]. These features make CDs attractive in fluorescence imaging [24,25]. In 2014, Leménager et al. [26] first applied CDs to image living cells in a STED microscope, which has an excitation beam of 405 nm and a depletion beam of 592 nm. They successfully achieved a spatial resolution of 30 nm. Later, Wang et al. [27] readily synthesized CDs by microwave treatment and evaluated their performances in a STED microscope. The investigation provides a detailed understanding of the optical properties of CDs. Li et al. [10] reported a new kind of fluorine and nitrogen co-doping carbon dots (FNCDs), which were suitable for live-cell imaging and could stain the nucleolus and tunnelling nanotubes in living cells. In STED imaging, the resolution of single FNCDs in the nucleolus of a living cell can be low as 19.7 nm.
Pharmacological properties of dicyanidoaurate(I)-based complexes: characterization and single crystal X-ray analysis
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Ahmet Karadağ, Ali Aydin, Şaban Tekin, Hüseyin Akbaş, Süreyya Dede
As part of extended studies to understand the action mechanism of the antiproliferative properties of 1, 2, and 3, a TUNEL assay was used to investigate whether test compounds that triggered disruption of cell proliferation were related to cellular apoptosis. The apoptotic activity of the compounds mentioned above was explored in human colon cancer cells, HT29. The results are shown in Supplementary information Figure S5. HT29 cells subjected to 1, 2, and 3 exhibited brilliant green fluorescence, implying fragmented DNA in apoptotic nucleolus, whereas the vehicle control was negative for the fluorescence emission. It is also quite apparent from Supplementary information Figure S5 that 3 exhibits better apoptotic properties than 1 and 2, similar to the treatment with DNase I. As illustrated in Supplementary information Figure S5, 1, 2 and 3 caused a higher ratio of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cell nucleolus. These findings demonstrated that these compounds have potent anticancer activity on the HT29 cells and a strong apoptosis-inducing feature in vitro. In a similar study, [Au(TPP)]Cl acting as an apoptotic agent against SUNE-1 cells exhibited TUNEL positive activity [47]. Zhang et al. [12] showed that an anti-angiogenic water-soluble AuIII complex is similarly effective towards HeLa cells.