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Radioisotope Production and Application
Published in Paul R. Bolton, Katia Parodi, Jörg Schreiber, Applications of Laser-Driven Particle Acceleration, 2018
Radioisotope production is a branch of nuclear pharmacy that has been widely developed during many decades. A set of charged particle accelerators, such as cyclotrons, linacs and others, have been specifically designed to fulfil the needs of this sector. Although the fundamental concepts have not evolved very much during the last few decades, the technology of conventional accelerators has evolved with the introduction of superconductors that allow high magnetic fields and compact structures. However, this evolution has arrived to the limit allowed by those technological developments (in the absence of unexpected conceptual improvements). Laser accelerators have quite an interesting potential [Spencer 2001, Ledingham 2005] to become much simpler than conventional cyclotrons, at least in certain situations (as tailor-made, single-dose preparation, extremely short-lived isotopes). Moreover, lasers require much less shielding (since the laser itself is not radioactive) and can be used to prepare single-dose drugs at the hospital or a local PET radiology centre without the requirements of radioisotope transportation.
Bismuth coordination chemistry: a brief retrospective spanning crystallography to clinical potential
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Andrew H. Bond, Robin D. Rogers
The use of the α-emitting radionuclide 213 Bi in targeted radiotherapy has seen continued interest since the 1990s [44, 46–48] and clinical deployment is expected to rely on the 10.0 day half-life 225Ac radiogenic parent as the generator resource from which 213 Bi can be purified and used as needed. Both 229Th and 225Ac are key resources in the 233U decay chain, and the primary radionuclidic impurities in the purification of 213 Bi are shown in Figure 6. With a 45.6 min half-life, 213 Bi is generally purified in, or near, the nuclear pharmacy and conjugated to the biolocalization agent responsible for in vivo targeting. The cyclic and acyclic polyaminocarboxylates are among the most widely used chelators tethered to biolocalization agents [44, 99–101] and, consequently, a slightly acidic pH range is used to promote efficient binding, to minimize degradation of the biolocalization agent, and to suppress cation hydrolysis. Accounting for these constraints, the ideal purification approach would give 213 Bi in dilute acid or in a physiologically acceptable buffer free of stripping agents that could interfere with attachment to the biolocalization agent.