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Radiopharmaceuticals for Diagnostics
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Jim Ballinger, Jacek Koziorowski
The bone scan is the most widely used nuclear medicine procedure in many countries. The tracers for this purpose are 99mTc-labelled complexes of the diphosphonates medronate (methylene diphosphonate, MDP) and oxidronate (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate, HDP). In both cases, the phosphonate groups perform the dual role of chelation of reduced 99mTc and binding to the biological target, hydroxyapatite crystals at the surface of bone. Neither of these agents is a single, chemically defined species but rather an ever-changing mixture of complexes with varying affinity for bone. Bone-scan kits contain an antioxidant to maintain the stability of the complex throughout its shelf-life.
Basic Understanding of Medical Imaging Modalities
Published in Sanjay Saxena, Sudip Paul, High-Performance Medical Image Processing, 2022
Pradeep Kumar, Subodh Srivastava, Rajeev Srivastava
Nuclear Medicine is an imaging procedure which includes inhalation, injection, or radioactive traces injection to observe various organs. An organ to be captured it uses a tracer or radiopharmaceutical which implemented with addition of a radioactive isotope to a pharmaceutical specific to the organ. Using a gamma camera is further used to form image, this gamma radiation is emitted from radioactive tracer. The sensitive radiation crystal in gamma camera is used to detect the tracer distribution in the patient’s body. The data from it is converted to digital form to generate 2D or 3D image on screen. The hybrid machine including a CT to allow the fusion of Nuclear Medicine and CT images come under the latest technology of gamma camera [8]. Therapy procedures are also indulging in field of Nuclear Medicine. Diseased target organ is identified by giving high dose of therapeutic radiation through administration of radiopharmaceutical specific to organ. To treat cancer or over functioning thyroid gland it is beneficial. Typical clinical applications of nuclear medicines are bone scan, myocardial Perfusion scan, renal scan, lung scan and thyroid scan. Pregnancy status must be done before the procedure. Patients who are undergoing therapy procedures will be given specific set of instructions regarding radiation safety (Figure 1.9) [5].
Craniofacial Regeneration—Bone
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Laura Guadalupe Hernandez, Lucia Pérez Sánchez, Rafael Hernández González, Janeth Serrano-Bello
Nuclear medicine is a medical speciality that uses radiopharmaceuticals (radiotracers) to evaluate metabolic functions as well as to diagnose and treat diseases. The radiotracers are formed by carrier molecules tightly bound to a radioactive atom. These carrier molecules vary enormously depending on the purpose of the scan. Some tracers use molecules that interact with a specific protein or sugar in the body (Salvatori et al. 2019; Phelps 2000; Melédez-Alafort et al. 2019).
Comprehensive survey on analysis and modelling of femur bone fracture for an operative planning
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Aashish Joshi, Kailash Karande
4. Ultrasound: Sonography uses high recurrence broadband sound waves in the megahertz range that are reflected by tissue to varying degrees to convey (up to 3D) images (normally connected with imaging the embryo in pregnant ladies). Ultrasonography is by and large thought to be protected imaging methodology by World Health Organizations(WHO 1996). Nuclear Medicine: This type of medical imaging uses radioactive materials known as radiotracers (radiologyinfo 2018). This material goes in to the area which needs to be observed. Once it reaches point it radiates gamma rays which can be observed by special camera connected to system for storage purpose. This method provides an interesting data that can’t be acquired by any other imaging technique. This makes easy and early diagnosis of the problem at earlier stage
Molybdenum-99 from Molten Salt Reactor as a Source of Technetium-99m for Nuclear Medicine: Past, Current, and Future of Molybdenum-99
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2023
Jisue Moon, Kristian Myhre, Hunter Andrews, Joanna McFarlane
Nuclear medicine is medical imaging and therapy that uses radioisotope tracers to examine body systems and cure cancer using different types of radioisotopes. The market for nuclear medicine has grown and is expected to experience further increased demand.1 Radionuclide tracers provide valuable information about human health and disease and can be used to save lives around the world.
Development of Chinese Female Computational Phantom Rad-Human and Its Application in Radiation Dosimetry Assessment
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2018
Yican Wu, Mengyun Cheng, Wen Wang, Jing Song, Shengpeng Yu, Pengcheng Long, Liqin Hu
Based on the Rad-Human internal dosimetry data, the absorbed dose of organs can be evaluated when the liver is injected with 99mTc. The results can be used as reference for radiation assessment of nuclear medicine, such as dose verification after surgery and potential radiation evaluation for radionuclides in preclinical research.