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Learning Engineering Applies the Learning Sciences
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Aaron Kessler
We previously discussed how the brain is wired and how learning, in a sense, rewires your brain. Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity or neural plasticity, is the ability of the brain to change throughout an individual’s life.30 At the single cell level, synaptic plasticity 31 refers to changes in the connections between neurons, whereas non-synaptic plasticity 32 refers to changes in their intrinsic excitability, for example, how responsive they are to the chemical signals they receive.33 The structure of the brain can change throughout life but may be more “plastic” during developmental periods from prenatal to early 20s. For more detailed explanations of what researchers have discovered about changes that occur with age and learning across the life span, see How People Learn II. 34
Biological function simulation in neuromorphic devices: from synapse and neuron to behavior
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Hui Chen, Huilin Li, Ting Ma, Shuangshuang Han, Qiuping Zhao
In the biological system, neural plasticity, including synaptic plasticity and nonsynaptic plasticity, is the ability to change the synapse or neuron properties, which gives the functions of learning and memory to our brains [19,20]. Nonsynaptic plasticity is mainly the intrinsic plasticity, involving the persistent modification of a neuron’s intrinsic electrical properties by regulating the voltage-dependent ion-channels. Intrinsic plasticity is closely related to many different forms of learning, e.g. spatial learning, classical conditioning, odor and fear conditioning. However, the function of intrinsic plasticity in brain is still unknown. By contrast, synaptic plasticity is the most prominent and extensively studied form of neural plasticity.