China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Methods of visual perception and memory modelling
Published in Limiao Deng, Cognitive and Neural Modelling for Visual Information Representation and Memorization, 2022
Memory is formed through long-term changes in synaptic performance, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is an important physiological basis of behavioural adaptation20, mainly including short-term synaptic plasticity and long-term synaptic plasticity. Long-term synaptic plasticity can be classified into long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), which are regarded as the biological basis of learning and memory activities. In particular, LTP is regarded as one of the main molecular mechanisms for learning and memory.
Sparse Model Identification for Nonstationary and Nonlinear Neural Dynamics Based on Multiwavelet Basis Expansion
Published in Richard Jiang, Li Zhang, Hua-Liang Wei, Danny Crookes, Paul Chazot, Recent Advances in AI-enabled Automated Medical Diagnosis, 2022
Song Xu, Lina Wang, Jingjing Liu
Neurobiological processes, including synaptic transmission, generally involve large-scale complex nonstationary, and non-linear nervous systems. Therefore it is a crucial challenge for modeling the information transmission between the brain regions. For instance, studies have shown that synaptic plasticity with exact forms of long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP) occurs in response to specific input patterns, which are generally expressed as system instability. In order to better understand the mechanism of these nonlinear and non-stationary processes, three main types of time-varying nonlinear system identification methods, based on spiking activities, have been proposed, and can be briefly introduced as follows.
Synapses
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
Plasticity of neuronal circuits is the alteration of the behavior of these circuits in response to experience or injury. Plasticity could result from: modification of the response of neurons to synaptic inputs (Chapter 7), such as a change in the intrinsic excitability of neurons; the addition or removal of synaptic pathways; or modification of the strength or efficacy of synapses, the latter being referred to as synaptic plasticity. In view of the complexity of the subject, however, only some basics of synaptic plasticity will be presented in this section.
Biological function simulation in neuromorphic devices: from synapse and neuron to behavior
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Hui Chen, Huilin Li, Ting Ma, Shuangshuang Han, Qiuping Zhao
In the biological system, neural plasticity, including synaptic plasticity and nonsynaptic plasticity, is the ability to change the synapse or neuron properties, which gives the functions of learning and memory to our brains [19,20]. Nonsynaptic plasticity is mainly the intrinsic plasticity, involving the persistent modification of a neuron’s intrinsic electrical properties by regulating the voltage-dependent ion-channels. Intrinsic plasticity is closely related to many different forms of learning, e.g. spatial learning, classical conditioning, odor and fear conditioning. However, the function of intrinsic plasticity in brain is still unknown. By contrast, synaptic plasticity is the most prominent and extensively studied form of neural plasticity.
Inhibition of oxidative stress by testosterone improves synaptic plasticity in senescence accelerated mice
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Lu Wang, Juan-Hui Pei, Jian-Xin Jia, Jing Wang, Wei Song, Xin Fang, Zhi-Ping Cai, Dong-Sheng Huo, He Wang, Zhan-Jun Yang
Synapses are involved in cognitive performance and require functional neuronal and synaptic plasticity and integrity (Salissou et al. 2018). Disturbances in synaptic functions as evidenced by diminished synaptic plasticity are attributed to result in cognitive deficits (Liu et al. 2008). Sex hormones are postulated to be associated with regulation of synaptic plasticity (Candemir et al. 2013; Huo et al. 2016; Mukai et al. 2010). Previously Jia et al. (2013); 2015; 2016) demonstrated that T-induced improvement in cognitive deficits accompanied by enhanced synaptic plasticity. It is thus postulated T may improve synaptic plasticity in AD patients; however, the mechanisms underlying androgenic action on synaptic plasticity remain unclear.
Neurophysiological and molecular approaches to understanding the mechanisms of learning and memory
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2021
Shruthi Sateesh, Wickliffe C. Abraham
Disruption of synaptic plasticity is believed to occur in many neurological conditions such as head injury, stroke, psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease [AD]). It is also believed that there are a number of structural and cytoarchitectural changes in the hippocampus in such disorders, suggesting compromised synaptic plasticity and therefore learning and memory impairments (Bliss et al. 2014; Martella et al. 2018).