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Assessment of Quercetin Isolated from Enicostemma Littorale Against Few Cancer Targets: An in Silico Approach
Published in A. K. Haghi, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, Lionello Pogliani, Devrim Balköse, Francisco Torrens, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
Prognosis and survival rate varies and it greatly depends on the cancer type and staging. With best treatment and dependent on staging, 5-year relative survival varies from 98 to 23% with an overall survival rate of 85% (Cancer World Report 2008). Worldwide, breast cancer comprises of 22.9% of all non-melanoma skin cancers in women. In 2008, breast cancer caused 458,503 deaths worldwide, 13.7% of cancer deaths in women alone which was 100 times more common than men, although males tend to have poorer outcomes due to delays in diagnosis. The first noticeable symptom of breast cancer is typically a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. More than 80% of breast cancer cases are discovered when the woman feels a lump.38 The earliest breast cancers are detected by a mammogram and lumps found in lymph nodes located in the armpits can also indicate breast cancer. Indications of breast cancer other than a lump may include changes in breast size or shape, skin dimpling, nipple inversion, or spontaneous single-nipple discharge.
Breast imaging
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Causes of nipple discharge include hormonal factors, infection, benign papilloma of a mammary duct, mammary duct ectasia and malignancy. Radiological investigation is particularly indicated for investigation of nipple discharge where various clinical factors indicate a greater likelihood of malignancy: Age over 60Discharge is unilateral, from a single ductSerous or bloodstained dischargePalpable mass.
Breast imaging
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Nipple discharge is usually benign and is often due to duct ectasia. Abscess and intraduct papilloma are other benign causes. If imaging is required after clinical assessment ultrasound can demonstrate all these causes, and if there is a solid lesion can be used to guide FNA or biopsy.
Docetaxel-loaded redox-sensitive nanoparticles self-assembling from poly(caprolactone) conjugates with disulfide-linked poly(ethylene glycol)
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Yongli Shi, Chunyan Li, Mingbo Yang, Xiaofei Pan, Jie Hu
Breast cancer, often referred to as the ‘pink killer’, is the most common malignancy in women [1,2]. In recent years, it has become the most sever threat to women's health [3]. Like other tumors, the occurrence of breast cancer is caused by the unlimited proliferation of gland epithelial cells with the action of several cancer-causing chemicals. The earlier performances of breast cancer are breast lumps [4], nipple discharge [5], axillary lymph node enlargement and other symptoms. However, at the late stage, the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells will result in the cancerization of many other organs, which directly threatens to the patients’ lives. Globally, 2 million new cases of breast cancers are diagnosed in 2018, accounting for 11.6% of the total number of new cancers [6]. In Western Europe, North America and other developed countries, the breast cancer ranks the top of all female tumors [7]. In other words, one in seven American women will develop breast cancer, and this risk increases with the growth of age. Study finds that the breast cancer has the top incidence rate and the second highest mortality in the female malignant neoplasms [6]. In recent years, the morbidity of breast cancer in China is also growing fast [8]. It has become a serious disease which threatens women's health and lives.