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Transdermal Drug Delivery
Published in Emmanuel Opara, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, 2020
Brahmeshwar Mishra, Gunjan Vasant Bonde
Niosomes are the vesicles prepared from nonionic surfactants and formed by their self-assembly in an aqueous medium. Based on the method of preparation and their internal structure, they may be unilamellar or multilamellar (Morrow et al. 2007). During the formation of niosomes, the nonionic surfactants self-assemble themselves in bilayer structure; meanwhile hydrophobic drugs are incorporated within the bilayer whereas hydrophilic drugs are confined within the vesicle’s inner space. The formation and drug encapsulation efficiency of niosomes are dependent on surfactant’s hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value, and it has been usually observed that the highest drug entrapment efficiency can be obtained with a surfactant of HLB value 8.6 (Carter, Narasimhan, and Wang 2019, Khan et al. 2015).
Niosomes for Brain Targeting
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanocarriers for Brain Targeting, 2019
Didem Ag Seleci, Muharrem Seleci, Rebecca Jonczyk, Frank Stahl, Thomas Scheper
Among various nanocarriers, vesicular systems have received growing attention in recent years for brain drug delivery (Lai et al., 2013). They can enhance bioavailability of encapsulated drug and provide therapeutic activity in a controlled manner for a prolonged period. Niosomes (non-ionic surfactant vesicles) are one of the promising vesicular drug carriers. They are assembled by self-association of non-ionic surfactants in an aqueous phase and have a bilayer structure. In recent years, a variety of non-ionic surfactants have been described to form niosomes and enable the encapsulation of numerous drugs (Tavano et al., 2016; Begum et at., 2015; Marianecci et al.; 2012). The non-ionic nature of non-ionic surfactants offers high biocom-patibility and low toxicity that are important parameters for drug delivery applications. Moreover, niosomes can be produced with lower costs and have greater stability, longer shelf life and wider formulation versatility in comparison with traditional liposomes. These superiorities and advantages of niosomes, compared to other drug delivery devices, make them promising tools for brain targeting to produce commercially available therapeutics.
Ocular Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Ambikanandan Misra, Aliasgar Shahiwala, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Tools in Drug Delivery Research for Optimum Clinical Outcomes, 2018
Shubhini A. Saraf, Jovita Kanoujia, Samipta Singh, Shailendra K. Saraf
Liposomes are lipid vesicles, with a size range of 0.08 to 10.00 μm, composed of one or additional phospholipid bilayers surrounding an aqueous core (Nanjawade, Manvi, and Manjappa 2007). The potential of liposomes in ODD is tremendous due to biocompatibility, the ability to encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, and a cell membrane–like structure. The bioavailability of a drug molecule increases due to the ability of liposomes to make a close contact with the corneal surface (Kaur et al. 2004). Liposomes with a positive charge exhibit a prolonged and sustained precorneal retention due to strong interactions with the corneal epithelium (Meisner and Mezei 1995; Moustafa et al. 2017). Niosomes are a special kind of bilayered vesicular systems, composed of amphiphilic nonionic surfactants. Niosomes are varied in a size range of 10 to 1000 nm and are capable of encapsulating both, lipophilic, and hydrophilic drugs (Rózsa and Beuerman 1982; Sahoo, Dilnawaz, and Krishnakumar 2008). They are chemically stable, show very low toxicity and improved bioavailability, and also control drug delivery at the targeted ocular site (Cholkar et al. 2013). Niosomes reduce the systemic drainage of a drug which further improves residence time, leading to increased ocular bioavailability.
Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Shweta Kumari, Prabhat Kumar Choudhary, Rahul Shukla, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
Niosomes are vesicles composed of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol in aqueous phase or in a vesicular membrane made up of lipid materials by self-association. The niosomal vesicular system along with their bilayer structure bring together by nonionic surfactants, is able to increase the drug bioavailability to a predetermined area [51]. They can entrap lipophilic, hydrophilic drugs or both drugs together to the target site [52]. Niosomes are biodegradable, more stable, relatively nontoxic, inexpensive, biocompatible and nonimmunogenic structures. Niosomes deliver the drugs at target site in a controlled and/or sustained manner [53]. In addition to this, bola-niosomes increase the penetration of drugs by 8- and 4-fold as compared to free drug aqueous solution [54].
Solubility enhancement, formulation development and antifungal activity of luliconazole niosomal gel-based system
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Ashish Kumar Garg, Balaji Maddiboyina, Mohammed Hamed Saeed Alqarni, Aftab Alam, Hibah M. Aldawsari, Pinki Rawat, Sima Singh, Prashant Kesharwani
Niosomes have generated considerable interest due to their chemical tolerance, high reliability, material’s uniformity, low cost, easy storage of nonionic surfactants, and the availability of surfactants for their development [14–16]. Niosomes have a prolonged circulation period in the biological system and facilitate the absorption of entrapped drugs at the target area, while medication toxicity is reduced via a reduction in non-specific tissue uptake [17, 18]. Luliconazole, as clinical dosage of 1% w/w cream for topical use, is US-FDA approved since 2013 and indicated in treatment of various interdigital fungal infections and dermatophytosis such as Tinea pedis, Tinea cruris and Tinea corporis caused by the organisms T. rubrum and E. floccosum. Phase III clinical study has revealed the efficacy and safety potential of Luliconazole in Tenia pedis and Tinea cruris. Primary outcome of this study was the complete clearance of infection, safety, tolerance and no signs of adverse effects with Luliconazole such as erythema, scaling and pruritis. Niosomes are known to improve the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of some poorly soluble drugs along with an ability to provide sustained release for prolonged drug action [19]. Surfactants contribute to the overall penetration enhancement of compounds primarily by adsorption at interfaces, by interacting with biological membranes and by alteration of the barrier function of the Subcutaneous, as a result of reversible lipid modification.
Optimization of propofol loaded niosomal gel for transdermal delivery
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Wenjia Zhang, Xu Zhao, Guanling Yu, Meng Suo
Niosomes are novel nanocarriers composed of non-ionic surfactant with cholesterol and shows high potential to overcome the stratum corneum barrier. They can modify the stratum corneum by loosening the intercellular lipid barrier along with the presence of non-ionic surfactant which improves the skin permeability for transdermal application. Niosomes exhibit high stability over liposomes and are more economic/easy to scale up. They shows high capability to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs in comparison to transfersomes/ethosomes which are more elastic. The aim of this work was to optimize the propofol loaded niosomal gel by Box Behnken design and perform in-depth investigation including characterization, ex vivo and animal studies to demonstrate the ability of the niosomal system to sustain the release of propofol via transdermal route.