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Nanophytomedicines as an Emerging Platform for Drug Delivery
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Lucindo José Quintans Júnior, Nagamony Ponpandian, Nanophytomedicine, 2023
Arjunan Karuppaiah, Sankar Veintramuthu, Muthiah Ramanathan
Liposomes are small spherical vesicular structured carriers composed of one or more phospholipid bilayers. Due to their amphipathic properties, they readily form concentric bilayers, which can surround hydrophilic drugs in the inner aqueous phase and hydrophobic drugs in the lipid bilayer (Olusanya et al. 2018). Liposomes used in delivery of DNA plays an important role for blood stability, cellular uptake, release of DNA and for enhanced transfection efficiency (Zhao et al. 2020). To enhance the cellular uptake of therapeutic compounds, ligand-bearing liposomes have been developed for active targeting via receptor-mediated endocytosis (Puri et al. 2009).
Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery
Published in Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Majid Kamli, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Hesham F. Alharby, Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in the Biological Sciences, 2022
Muzafar Ahmad Rather, Showkeen Muzamil Bashir, Showkat Ul Nabi, Salahi Uddin Ahmad, Jiyu Zhang, Minakshi Prasad
Liposomes have been used to enhance drug bioavailability, drug absorption and to reduce drug-associated adverse effects. The benefits of using the liposomes as drug-delivery system include ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and have been used since long for delivery of therapeutic agents. A novel class of photo-triggerable liposomes consisting of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and photopolymerizable diacetylene phospholipid efficiently released calcein (a water-soluble fluorescent dye) upon UV (254 nm) treatment. The liposome induced the improved killing of a coculture (Raji and MCF-7) following light-triggered release of an encapsulated anticancer agent (Dox) from photosensitive liposomes (Yavlovichet al., 2011). A liposome-based codelivery system composed of a fusogenic liposome coencapsulating ATP-responsive elements and anticancer drug (Dox) and a liposome containing ATP was designed for ATP-mediated drug release induced by fusion of liposome (Mo et al., 2014). The codelivery system helped in keeping the time bomb for killing the cancer cell and its detonator apart till penetrate the cancer cell, where both combine to destroy the cell.
Organic Nanocarriers for Brain Drug Delivery
Published in Carla Vitorino, Andreia Jorge, Alberto Pais, Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery, 2021
Marlene Lúcio, Carla M. Lopes, Eduarda Fernandes, Hugo Gonẹalves, Maria Elisabete C. D. Real Oliveira
Liposomes are formed by amphiphiles (e.g. phospholipids) which, once dispersed in an aqueous media, self-assemble as vesicles [2, 64, 65]. These vesicles are made up of lipid bilayers, where the hydrophobic part of the amphiphiles (hydrophobic fatty acid chains) is oriented away from the aqueous polar phase, while the polar portions of the molecules (headgroup regions) are exposed to the aqueous solvent which exists in the vesicle core and also around the vesicle [2, 64, 65]. The amphiphilic nature of liposomes permits the encapsulation of a vast number of drugs with different polarities. While hydrophilic drugs are located nearby the hydrophilic headgroup region or in the aqueous core, hydrophobic drugs are loaded inside the lipid bilayer within the acyl chains region [66]. In addition to the advantages of ease of encapsulation, the lipid composition of liposomes, often resembling the phospholipid composition of biological membranes, also gives these systems advantages of biocompatibility [2, 14] (Table 4.1).
A convergent fabrication of programmed pH/reduction-responsive nanoparticles for efficient dual anticancer drugs delivery for ovarian cancer treatment
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2023
Haiyan Zhang, Youlin Yang, Yi Chen, Xiahui Zhang, Xiaopei Chen
In cancer treatment, doxorubicin (DOX) is a first-line drug that targets DNA in nuclei. When treating ovarian cancer, DOX has a low nuclear delivery efficiency. DOX treatment for ovarian cancer may benefit from facilitated delivery [30]. Liposomes are a commonly used drug delivery technology because of their high loading capacity, superior biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Drug carriers for DOX that have been changed, such as galactosylated liposomal lipases or lyso-thermosensitive liposomes, have been shown to boost therapeutic efficacy. Some preclinical studies had shown enhanced treatment effectiveness for ovarian cancer when DOX was delivered via superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and hematoporphyrin (HP)-modified DOX-loaded nanoparticles (HP-NPs) [31]. Some drawbacks remain, such as the intrusiveness, off-target impact, limited biocompatibility of this method, and low efficiency in the long term [32]. There is still a need to design a DOX delivery method that is more precise and effective in treating ovarian cancer with precision. A significant step forward in cancer treatment will be made possible by developing novel, nuclear-targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs), which can destroy cancer cells more quickly and effectively than existing treatments [33–35].
Lipid-based nanocarrier mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for cancer therapy
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Aisha Aziz, Urushi Rehman, Afsana Sheikh, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Prashant Kesharwani
Liposomes are small lipid vesicles with particle sizes ranging from 50 to 1000 nm [57]. Liposomes are composed primarily of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Liposomes were broadly investigated and used for cancer treatment because they have distinctive advantages over conventional drug therapies, such as safeguarding drugs from degradation, targeted delivery. and the capacity to reduce drug toxicity [58]. They have a few limitations such as short shelf life, low efficiency of encapsulation, low stability, RES clearance and intermembrane transfer.Niosomes are lipid vesicles made up of cholesterol and non - ionic surfactants [59]. L'Oreal developed the first noisome formulation in 1975 as an alternate solution for controlled release to liposomes. Niosomes can resolve some of the issues associated with liposome-based systems, such as sterilization, scaling up, and stability [60]. Niosomes incorporates lipophilic drugs in lipid bilayer and water - soluble drugs in aqueous compartments for drug delivery.
Impact of spontaneous liposome modification with phospholipid polymer-lipid conjugates on protein interactions
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Haruna Suzuki, Anna Adler, Tianwei Huang, Akiko Kuramochi, Yoshiro Ohba, Yuya Sato, Naoko Nakamura, Vivek Anand Manivel, Kristina N Ekdahl, Bo Nilsson, Kazuhiko Ishihara, Yuji Teramura
Liposomes have gained much interest as promising drug delivery systems since their discovery in 1965 by Bangham et al. [1]. Liposomes are small artificial lipid vesicles composed of phospholipids with or without cholesterol. Phospholipids and cholesterol are amphiphilic molecules that orient themselves in the most energetically favorable structure in aqueous solutions; thus, they spontaneously form spherical vesicles with single or multiple lipid bilayer membrane(s), known as liposomes [2]. Liposomes can be used to carry a broad range of molecules, as they can encapsulate hydrophilic compounds in their aqueous core, while the lipophilic compounds can be trapped within the lipid bilayer [3–7]. The encapsulated drugs are protected from premature degradation, thereby reducing the drug-induced damage to healthy tissues and minimizing systemic toxicity [2]. Currently, several United States Food and Drug Administration- and European Medicines Agency-approved liposomal drugs, such as Doxil and AmBisome, are being used in clinical settings [8,9]. Even though liposomes lack the highly complex and dynamic environment of the cell membrane, they are used in research to simulate simple cell membranes or to investigate lipid – protein interactions owing to their cell-like membrane structure [2].