China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Respiratory Illnesses Caused by Diesel Fuel Exhaust Emissions
Published in Ozcan Konur, Petrodiesel Fuels, 2021
Stenfors et al. (2004) study the airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic and healthy humans exposed to DEPs in a paper with 179 citations. They hypothesize that exposure to DE would induce airway neutrophilia in healthy subjects, and that these responses would be exaggerated in subjects with mild allergic asthma, or DE would exacerbate pre-existent allergic airways. They exposed healthy and mild asthmatic subjects for 2 h to ambient levels of DE (108 microg. × m-3). They find that both groups showed an increase in airway resistance of similar magnitude after DE exposure. Healthy subjects developed airway inflammation 6 h after DE exposure, with airway neutrophilia and lymphocytosis together with an increase in IL-8 protein in lavage fluid, increased IL-8 messenger RNA expression in the bronchial mucosa, and upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules. In asthmatic subjects, DE exposure did not induce a neutrophilic response or exacerbate their pre-existing eosinophilic airway inflammation. Epithelial staining for the cytokine IL-10 was increased after DE in the asthmatic group. They observed differential effects on the airways of healthy subjects and asthmatics of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm.
Radiomics analysis for gynecologic cancers
Published in Ruijiang Li, Lei Xing, Sandy Napel, Daniel L. Rubin, Radiomics and Radiogenomics, 2019
Novel features: The study in [28] developed a novel radiomics score that combined radiomics features with underlying tumor biology, namely, the neutrophil count to predict local control and overall survival in advanced cervical cancers. A single radiomics feature that best differentiated the patients by outcomes through univariate analysis was selected and combined with neutrophilia (or neurotrophil count) to produce a neutrophil standard uptake value (SUV) grade score (NSG = 0,1,2) and used to predict outcomes. Of all the texture and semi-quantitative measures, SUVpeak was the most relevant measure and was also independent of neutrophilia. In [33], features from pre and post-treatment CT scans were combined and the delta features were used to predict outcomes to chemotherapy. In our study in [34], we developed novel measures of inter-site tumor heterogeneity to correlate with outcomes including survival and gene expression. Exploration of measures beyond the conventionally used measures can improve the outcome prediction as described in the following example.
The Accuracy of the Paediatric Appendicitis Score (Pas) Based on Age Group in Cases of Acute Appendicitis
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
D. Paramitha, E. Fikri, I. Nasution
Of all PAS components, the most frequently occurring was found to be the fever component which was present in all the children in the <5 years of age (n = 15; 100%). This was followed by leukocytosis (> 10,000/mm3) as the second most common finding (n = 13; 86.7%). In the age groups 6-12 years and >12 years, the lower right quadrant abdominal pain component was the most frequent finding, at 96.8% and 98.3% respectively. The second and third most common components in this group were leukocytosis (87.1%) and neutrophilia (88.7%). In the >12 group, pain migration and nausea/vomiting were jointly the second and third most frequent complaints (69% and 65.5%). Researchers suspect that this is a result of the improved communication skills of older children. Almost all children <6 years have PAS components that can hardly be assessed in terms of history-taking. In the 6-12 year group children begin to describe their perception of and the location of pain more accurately.
Short-term exposure of female BALB/cJ mice to e-cigarette aerosol promotes neutrophil recruitment and enhances neutrophil-platelet aggregation in pulmonary microvasculature
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
Hunter T. Snoderly, Hassan Alkhadrawi, Dhruvi M. Panchal, Kelly L. Weaver, Jenna N. Vito, Kasey A. Freshwater, Stell P. Santiago, I. Mark Olfert, Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, Margaret F. Bennewitz
EC exposure has been associated with increased inflammation (Glynos et al. 2018; Kuntic et al. 2020), altered neutrophil behavior (Corriden et al. 2020; Ghosh et al. 2019), impaired immune responses (Hwang et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2020), vascular changes including increased aortic stiffness and elevated endothelial oxidative stress (Chatterjee et al. 2019; Olfert et al. 2018), and enhanced platelet activation and aggregation (Hom et al. 2016; Qasim et al. 2018). Given current evidence suggesting secondhand EC-released substances initiate rapid physiological changes (McClelland et al. 2021) and emerging evidence that e-cigarette use may heighten susceptibility to COVID-19 complications (Wang et al. 2020), studies were undertaken to characterize the earliest responses to EC insult in lung tissue and pulmonary vasculature. Data indicate that short-term EC exposure results in neutrophilia and occlusive platelet-neutrophil aggregates in the lung microcirculation, persistently impaired neutrophil function, lymphocyte infiltration of the bronchioles, and altered cytokine expression.
Trichoderma after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Uener Ribeiro dos Santos, Jane Lima dos Santos
T. lixii/T. harzianum and T. citrinoviride also present an increased risk for immunocompromised patients (Guarro et al. 1999; Guiserix et al. 1996; Kantarcioglu et al. 2009; Kviliute et al. 2008). Pediatric and adult patients with skin infections (Gautheret et al. 1995; Kredics et al. 2004; Kuhls et al. 1999) and stomatitis (Myoken et al. 2002) initiated by T. longibrachiatum, T. harzianum, and T. pseudokoningii present with necrotic and ulceronecrotic lesions. The pathogenesis of these lesions is attributed to production of extracellular proteases (Gautheret et al. 1995; Kantarcioglu et al. 2009; Munoz et al. 1997). T. viride was isolated from skin lesions in a patient with psoriasis (Paulino et al. 2006). The clinical presentation of Trichodermosis is unspecific involving absence of leukopenia, presence of leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, eosinophilia and neutrophilia with high granulocyte counts, as well as an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mimicking other fungal infections (Chouaki et al. 2002; Molnár-Gábor et al. 2013; Santillan Salas et al. 2011; Tang et al. 2003; Tanis et al. 1995).
The acute effect of training fire exercises on fire service instructors
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Emily R. Watkins, Mark Hayes, Peter Watt, Alan J. Richardson
Leukocytosis following physical activity and a hot environment is mediated by demargination of leukocytes from the vasculature, generated by sympathoadrenal activation increasing circulating catecholamine, which reduce the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells.[35–37] Repeated neutrophilia may deplete bone marrow neutrophil stores,[38] and consequently neutrophils present in circulation may be less mature and have a reduced phagocytic and oxidative burst activity, as they are forced to leave the bone marrow before they are fully developed.[39] This may result in a decrease in the ability of the innate immune system to combat infection post activity. It is unknown what the long term implications of repeated increases in leukocyte counts are, however Watt et al.[13] report increased resting WBC in FSI compared to a non-heat exposed control group. Increased resting differential leucocyte counts are also a risk factor and prognostic indicator of cardiovascular outcomes.[40]