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Occupational toxicology of the nervous system
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
Neurotoxicity can be defined as the capacity of chemical, biological, or physical agents to cause an adverse functional or structural change in the peripheral or central nervous system (Walker 2000). Chemical-induced changes in the structure or persistent changes in behaviour, neurochemistry, or neurophysiology of the nervous system are regarded as neurotoxic effects. Reversible effects occurring at doses that could endanger performance in the workplace, are associated with a known neurotoxicological mechanism of action, co-vary with a known neurotoxicological effect, or are latent effects uncovered by pharmacological or environmental challenge, could be considered to be neurotoxic effects (Tilson 1996).
Experimental models of chemically induced Parkinson’s disease in zebrafish at the embryonic larval stage: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Paola Briñez-Gallego, Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva, Marcos Freitas Cordeiro, Ana Paula Horn, Mariana Appel Hort
Exposure to toxic agents at any time during the development of the nervous system may result in aberrant neural structure and function (Tartaglione, Venerosi, and Calamandrei 2016). As noted earlier, several neurotoxins used as a model for inducing PD-like phenotype in zebrafish embryos and larvae produce morphological changes that affect development. Neurotoxins such as MPTP, 6-OHDA, rotenone, paraquat, and other emerging compounds were suggested to be effective in modulating molecular pathways involved in PD, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defects in protein degradation (Thirugnanam and Santhakumar 2022). Exposure to MPTP, 6-OHDA, rotenone, paraquat, and other emerging compound neurotoxins affects neurochemistry, neurophysiology, behavior, and morphology of the nervous system (Schmidt and Ferger 2001). The disturbance of these important physiological cellular functions may partly explain the systemic toxicity evidenced by general morphological abnormalities of embryos and larvae exposed to classical dopaminergic neurotoxins such as MPTP, 6-OHDA, rotenone, paraquat, and other emerging compounds with neurotoxic potential addressed in this review. The main changes found include body abnormalities, such as spinal curvature, pericardial edema, and alterations in yolk (Table 1) (Bakthavatsalam et al. 2014; Díaz-Casado et al. 2018; Melo et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2018a), defects in brain development (Yao et al. 2016), underdeveloped swim bladder and loss of equilibrium (Bakthavatsalam et al. 2014; Melo et al. 2015), and liver damage (Zhu et al. 2020).
Association of serotoninergic pathway gene variants with elite athletic status in the Polish population
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Beata Peplonska, Krzysztof Safranow, Jakub Adamczyk, Dariusz Boguszewski, Konrad Szymański, Ireneusz Soltyszewski, Anna Barczak, Marcin Siewierski, Rafal Ploski, Henryk Sozanski, Cezary Zekanowski
It should be noted that some genetic variants showed a tendency (0.05 < p < 0.1) to be associated with elite status, possibly due to the insufficient size of the study groups (Supplemental Table 3). The observed lack of an association of the majority of the common variants studied here with elite athletic status could also be due to biological reasons. The neurotransmission system is modulatory and extremely plastic, therefore an unfavorable genetic variant affecting one component would be expected to evoke compensatory changes in the functioning of other components (Holmes, 2008; Jabbi et al., 2007). Additionally, the links between brain biochemistry and behavior in humans are complex, with the environment playing an important role in regulating neurochemistry (Krichmar, 2008).