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in vitro
Published in Ze Zhang, Mahmoud Rouabhia, Simon E. Moulton, Conductive Polymers, 2018
Miina Björninen, Suvi Haimi, Michael J. Higgins, Jeremy M. Crook
Like other cell behaviors, the mechanisms underlying ES of cell migration are poorly understood, although assembly of actin filaments, cytoskeletal tension, anterior redistribution of Golgi apparatus, and polarization of membrane receptors are associated phenomena (Balint et al. 2013). Not surprisingly, potential intracellular pathways include the calcium–calmodulin (Ca[2+]-CaM) pathway also implicated in neuronal migration in the developing central nervous system (Balint et al. 2013; Kobayashi et al. 2015). Moreover, canonical WNt/GSK3β signaling has recently been implicated in DC-EF regulation of rodent neural progenitor cell migration, with electrotaxis reduced by pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/GSK3β signaling (Liu et al. 2015). Reduced electrotactic response was associated with downregulation of GSK3β phosphorylation, β-catenin activation, and CLASP2 expression. RNA interference of GSK3β also reduced electrotactic response, together with decreased β-catenin activity and GLASP2 expression (Liu et al. 2015). Interestingly, ES applied in the physiological DC-EF range of 30 mV/mm increases the expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin, promoting cell–cell adhesion and chain migration in neuroblast and mouse neurosphere cultures (Cao et al. 2015). Furthermore, the EF effect on chain migration in 3-D cultures of subventricular zone involves upregulation of P2Y purinoceptor 1 (P2Y1) and downstream activation of protein kinase C via N-cadherin and β-catenin (McCaig et al. 2005).
Articular Cartilage Development
Published in Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi, Articular Cartilage, 2017
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi
Cadherin (calcium-dependent adhesion) molecules are transmembrane proteins first identified by Masatoshi Takeichi as a specific cell adhesion factor (Takeichi 1977). Extracellularly, cadherins preferentially bind to other cadherins of the same type; for example, N-cadherin (neural cadherin, first identified in neural cells) prefers to complex with other N-cadherins. Intracellularly, cadherins are regulated through association with catenins and the actin cytoskeleton (Figure 2.5), and this association plays a role in signal transduction (Miller and Moon 1996). Studies using N-cadherin-perturbing antibodies have shown that N-cadherin plays a critical role in condensation, though work using organ culture of N-cadherin-deficient limb buds demonstrated that mesenchymal condensation and chondrogenesis were not affected (Luo et al. 2005). In adult cartilage where cell-to-cell contacts are minimal, cadherins are sparse (Widelitz et al. 1993; Oberlender and Tuan 1994a,b).
Methanolic extract of Teucrium persicum up-regulates and induces the membrane restoration of E-cadherin protein in PC-3 cells
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Majid Tafrihi, Anahita Naeimi, Fatemeh Eizadifard
It has been reported that some plant-derived compounds exert their anticancer potential through E-cadherin expression induction and adherens junction reinforcement. For example, Kandouz et al. have reported that T. polium aqueous extract induces MET via inhibition of β-catenin phosphorylation, and membrane restoration of E-cadherin/β-catenin complex (Kandouz et al. 2010). It has been shown that the treatment of the SKBR3 cell line with Elaeagnus angustifolia extract led to the upregulation of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins and the inhibition of cell migration and invasion (Jabeen et al. 2020). Thymoquinone, one of the main active ingredients of black seed oil, induces the expression of E-cadherin and suppresses the expression of mesenchymal markers including vimentin through the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, and hence inhibits the EMT process in prostate cancer cells (Kou et al. 2017). N-butylidenephthalide isolated from Radix Angelica sinensis upregulates the expression of E-cadherin, downregulates the N-cadherin protein, and inhibits the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells (Chiu et al. 2017). Recent studies revealed that shikonin a naphthoquinone pigment extracted from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon exerts its antitumor activities via E-cadherin upregulation in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines (Han et al. 2018; Rostamian Tabari et al. 2022).
Atmospheric fine particulate matter and epithelial mesenchymal transition in pulmonary cells: state of the art and critical review of the in vitro studies
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Margaux Cochard, Frédéric Ledoux, Yann Landkocz
Mesenchymal markers were studied more comprehensively. An elevation in N-cadherin expression was correlated with drug resistance, more specifically EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC (Zhang et al. 2013), but drug resistance as a consequence of EMT was since challenged (Yang et al. 2020). Still, N-cadherin might serve as a possible biomarker for EMT. Cadherin 11, also called OB-cadherin, is aberrantly expressed in malignant cells which display an invasive and metastatic phenotype, leading to fibrosis (Agarwal 2014). Expression of vimentin, a widely studied biomarker, was significantly increased in 49% of NSCLC patients, associated with metastasis and a poor overall survival prognosis (Dauphin et al. 2013; Tadokoro et al. 2016). Ancel et al. (2019) examined a combination of vimentin and the inhibitory checkpoint marker PDL-1 to enable detection of the most advanced cases and worst outcomes in NSCLC. Surface markers such as integrins were reviewed and among these αVβ6, α3β1 and α5β1 which are overexpressed in NSCLC patients stand out as possible clinical biomarkers (Agarwal 2014; Aksorn and Chanvorachote 2019).
Modulation of myelin formation by combined high affinity with extracellular matrix structure of electrospun silk fibroin nanoscaffolds
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Sha Liu, Changmei Niu, Ziqi Xu, Yingyu Wang, Yunyun Liang, Ying Zhao, Yahong Zhao, Yumin Yang
To investigate why electrospun silk fibroin affected adhesion of DRG neurons, quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to determine the expression of adhesion-related genes in cultured DRG neurons. The expression levels of β-caterin, fibronectin, laminin and N-cadherin were analyzed. Fibronectin is an important extracellular matrix protein. It interacts with cell surface receptors to regulate various cellular processes, involving cell adhesion, cell motility and tissue repair [23]. Laminin is a component of all basement membranes. It also affects a variety of functions of adjacent cells, including cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation [24]. Cadherins are Ca2+ dependent cell adhesion molecules (CAM), which play an important role in the tissue construction and morphogenesis of multicellular organisms [25]. Classification according to the organization patterns of expression, type N is nerve-derived. N-cadherin is widely distributed in neurons and glial cells [26]. Myelination is formed by the complex interaction between Schwann cells and DRG neurons. Electrospun silk fibroin promotes the attachment of DRG through the secretion of related adhesion factors. Schwann cells, the principal glial cells of the PNS, play a crucial role in the survival and function of neurons, and wrap around axons to form dense myelin sheaths [27]. Previous studies have shown that electrospun fibers topography can induce Schwann cells to be myelinating state, and that the electrospun scaffold has the potential to promote Schwann cell maturation [28]. Therefore, the electrospun silk fibroin may be used as an ideal biological scaffold material to optimally mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction.