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Conducting Polymers as Efficient Materials for Tissue Engineering
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Conducting Polymers, 2022
Srijita Sen, Trishna Bal, Aditya Dev Rajora, Shreya Sharma, Shubha Rani Sharma, Neelima Sharma
Though the skeletal muscles exhibit a vigorous capability to regenerate, under certain brutal conditions, the function of the muscle may be lost forever. Differentiation and maturation of muscle precursor cells (the prefabrication of muscle tissue in vitro) on a functional scaffold forms the basis of skeletal muscle tissue engineering [46]. The conductive biomaterials like poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL)/PANI fibers are found to be compatible with the muscle cells. The myogenin expression was improved by PLCL/PANI fibers in comparison to that of the PLCL fibers [47]. They also increased the expression of troponin T and myosin heavy chain genes [48]. This signifies that the substrates that were electrically conductive help in the regulation of the myoblasts into myotube formation without additional electrical stimulation. It was observed that gelatin + camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) + PANI nanofibers could improve C2C12 cell myogenic differentiation relative to those of gelatin or gelatin + CSA nanofibers [49]. The other novel properties exhibited by the conductive nanofiber group are enhanced intracellular organization, localization of both dihydropyridine receptor and ryanodine receptor, expression of genes associated with excitation-contraction coupling apparatus, calcium transients, and myotube contractibility [49]. The functionality of the formed myotubes could be further enhanced when myotubes were electrically stimulated, which showed more calcium transients and contractions with higher amplitude and regularity.
Electrical stimulation of cells derived from muscle
Published in Ze Zhang, Mahmoud Rouabhia, Simon E. Moulton, Conductive Polymers, 2018
Anita F. Quigley, Justin L. Bourke, Robert M. I. Kapsa
It is established that electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle can enhance muscle and cardiac maturation, myoblast proliferation, and development of functional cardiac and muscle tissues; however, one of the obstacles in muscle tissue engineering is how to deliver electrical stimulation in vitro and in vivo to target tissues. Conducting polymers are excellent candidates for use in scaffolds designed to enhance muscle regeneration and differentiation both ex vivo and in vivo. These polymers are generally softer than conventional metal electrodes such as platinum and gold, and also can be doped with biomolecules that can be released from the polymer to further enhance tissue development.
Tensile properties of ag-EVOH electrospinning nanofiber mats for large muscle scaffolds
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2020
Chuanwei Zhang, Dandan Liu, Chao Xu, Dianzi Liu, Bin Wang
Researches confirm that the key of muscle tissue engineering is the oriented arrangement and differentiation of muscle cells [6]. There are two common methods for cell-oriented arrangement. First one, the directional arrangement of cells on the surface of the scaffold is achieved through the constraint of the scaffold structure or surface chemical modification. The current methods of scaffold micro manufacturing are Soft Etching [7], Pressure Forging [8], Electrospinning [9] and [10], Photocopying and solvent casting Manufacturing Technology [11] and [12], etc. Second one is planting myoblast and satellite cells in scaffold [13] and [14], some stimulus (like the mechanical stimulation [15] and [16] or stimulation of electricity and magnetism [17–19]) from outside are then applied to achieve the orientation of the cells on the scaffold and differentiate into the direction of the muscle tissue, so finally the repair of the scaffold in the tissue is completed.
Introducing a flexible drug delivery system based on poly(glycerol sebacate)-urethane and its nanocomposite: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Mahtab Tirgar, Hadi Hosseini, Milad Jafari, Shahrokh Shojaei, Amir Abdollahi, Aliakbar Jafari, Lokman Uzun, Vahabodin Goodarzi, Chia-Hung Su
Carbon nanotube CNT based PGS nanocomposites have been studied for medical and biotechnology applications that showed special characteristics such as high hardness and electrical conductivity and thermal processability. It had been used as a skeletal muscle tissue engineering for designing biosensors and manufacturing biomedical devices. The findings had shown that the addition of 1% CNT into PGS matrix increased the tensile modulus by five folds in comparison with the pristine PGS [23].
Tissue engineering to treat pelvic organ prolapse
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Deyu Yang, Min Zhang, Kehai Liu
PCL is a semicrystalline polyester with thermal stability, good mechanical properties and a slow degradation rate, which has increasing potential in vasotransplantation and muscle tissue engineering, etc. [18–20]. Due to these characteristics, PCL is considered to be an excellent material [21,22]. Paula Ferreira et al. found that the surface-modified electrospun PCL mesh has good biomechanical properties and no obvious inflammatory reaction in vivo [23].