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Nanosensor Arrays
Published in Suresh Kaushik, Vijay Soni, Efstathia Skotti, Nanosensors for Futuristic Smart and Intelligent Healthcare Systems, 2022
Naumih M. Noah, Peter M. Ndangili
Proteins associated with the surface of merozoites may be used as biomarkers for malaria infection. Merozoite surface proteins in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are structurally related (Hisaeda et al. 2002). The protein is expressed on the merozoite surface when the parasite is temporarily exposed to the host immune system and may be used to detect infections caused by both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites. This has been demonstrated by the successful fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based gold nanoparticles, followed by the conjugation of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-I) antibody specific for Plasmodium vivax, which is then deposited on a carbon strip (Singh et al. 2020). The nanosensor was used for electrochemical detection of malaria in Plasmodium vivax infected red blood cells by monitoring the current-density as well as charge transfer resistance changes resulting from interactions of the MSP-I antibodies and the infected red blood cells. This nanosensor was further tested for its suitability in detecting malaria in human’s whole red blood samples from infected patients and results were obtained within 5 minutes.
Mathematical model for the in-host malaria dynamics subject to malaria vaccines
Published in Letters in Biomathematics, 2018
Titus Okello Orwa, Rachel Waema Mbogo, Livingstone Serwadda Luboobi
BSV on the other hand elicits anti-invasion and anti-disease responses at the blood stage (Moorthy, Good, & Hill, 2004). They, therefore, lower merozoites density and prevent clinical manifestations and hence severity of malaria infection in humans. Due to gene alteration and antigenic variation in malaria merozoites, BSV may not provide complete immunity to the host (Pandey et al., 2013). At present, merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) (Audran et al., 2005) and merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) (Ogutu et al., 2009) are the leading blood stage vaccine candidates for plasmodium malaria (Plowe, Alonso, & Hoffman, 2009).