China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Image Edge Detection Using Fractional Conformable Derivatives in Liouville-Caputo Sense for Medical Image Processing
Published in Devendra Kumar, Jagdev Singh, Fractional Calculus in Medical and Health Science, 2020
J. E. Lavín-Delgado, J. E. Solís-Pérez, J. F. Gómez-Aguilar, R. F. Escobar-Jiménez
Medulloblastoma is a primary central nervous system tumour, that is, it begins in the brain or spinal cord [60]. It happens not only in children but also in adults; however, it is more common in children [61]. Medulloblastomas are very fast-growing; for this reason, early detection represents one of the most promising approaches to preserve life in patients. Edge detection has the potential to help in the early detection of medulloblastomas, by detecting changes in an MRI brain scan patterns, which very probably represent an abnormality. Figure 1.14 taken from [62] shows an echo-planar MRI, while Figures 1.15 and 1.16 taken from [63] and [64], respectively, show T1-weighed MRIs. They show the performance comparisons between the proposed approach and the classical methods to find the abnormalities in the MRI brain scanners. According to these results, the proposed operator is more accurate for detecting the edges generated by the boundaries of the medulloblastomas; thus, their areas are well-defined.
*
Published in Harald Paganetti, Proton Therapy Physics, 2018
At our facility, the field size for pencil beam scanning is a rectangle of 30 × 40 cm at the isocenter. The substantially larger field size is particularly useful for the treatment of medulloblastoma, one of the treatments that substantially benefits from proton therapy. The target volume in this case is the entire central nervous system (CNS), including the whole brain, and the spinal cavity extending inferiorly nearly to the coccyx and could be more than 80 cm, particularly with young adult patients. With scattering, the treatment is often broken into four parts using five fields, two laterals for brain and three abutting spinal fields, each covering a portion of the spinal cavity. Feathering must be used to even out the hot/cold spots at the junction. With repeated setup verifications between different fields due to the isocenter move, the entire treatment could take up to 30–40 min. Any increase of field size allowing for a smaller number of fields will be substantially appreciated by both the patient and staff. Note that with pencil beam scanning, feathering is no longer necessary. Each of the two abutting fields is designed to deliver a tapered dose distribution across the “match line.” It completely eliminates hot/cold spots caused by geometric uncertainties from matching.
Physical study of proton therapy at CANAM laboratory on medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2020
L. Torrisi, M. Davidkova, V. Havranek, M. Cutroneo, A. Torrisi
The therapy of this particular tumor sees the microsurgery, the oncologic pharmacotherapy and the radiotherapy that tends to reduce the growth using ionizing irradiations. Often the three techniques are applied to the same tumor in successive times. Literature reports that the interval between surgery and radiotherapy is a significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival (5). Medulloblastoma is a relatively radiosensitive and curable tumor. A 5-year survival rate of 60–80% can be achieved by using combined surgery and radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy (6).