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Pediatric Imaging in General Radiography
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, William A. S. Cox, General Radiography, 2020
Allen Corrall, Joanna Fairhurst
If the neonate becomes distressed during childbirth they can pass meconium, a substance within their intestines composed of ingested materials while in the uterus (meconium aspiration) (Tasker, McClure, & Acer, 2013). This blocks the airways, causing focal collapse if the obstruction is complete and focal hyperinflation if the airway is partially occluded, and results in a chemical pneumonitis.
Plasticizers in the neonatal intensive care unit: A review on exposure sources and health hazards
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Lucas Panneel, Govindan Malarvannan, Philippe G. Jorens, Adrian Covaci, Antonius Mulder
Meconium, amniotic fluid and breast milk: Detection of metabolites in meconium has been suggested for measuring in utero exposure to phthalates (Arbuckle et al., 2016; Guo et al., 2020). Advantages are that its collection is noninvasive, and that meconium accumulates from the 12th week, representing cumulative exposure throughout pregnancy. Urine samples should be analyzed simultaneously to correct for urinary contamination. DEHP metabolites were also determined in amniotic fluid of pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis (Katsikantami et al., 2020). Still, since both amniotic fluid and meconium reflect prenatal exposure, they are of limited value to assess exposure in the NICU. Some studies have reported phthalate metabolites in breast milk (An et al., 2020; Arbuckle et al., 2016). However, there is no information about the half-life of metabolites in this matrix, and esterases in milk could hydrolyze diesters to primary metabolites (Arbuckle et al., 2016; Katsikantami et al., 2020).
Prenatal and postnatal transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances from mothers to their offspring
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Yingxue Liu, An Li, Qi An, Kai Liu, Ping Zheng, Shanshan Yin, Weiping Liu
Another potentially valuable biological matrix for studying the prenatal transfer of PFASs from mothers to fetuses is meconium which is formed during the pregnancy and excreted within 48 h after birth. Xenobiotics and their metabolites are deposited in meconium either from bile secretion or fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid (Ostrea et al., 2006). As a cumulative repository matrix, meconium is more sensitive in the detection of xenobiotics than acute phase matrixes (Ostrea et al., 2006). Meconium has been used in some studies targeting other toxicants to indicate fetal intrauterine exposure (Whyatt & Barr, 2001; Zhao et al., 2007). However, our literature search did not find published journal articles on PFASs involving meconium.
The Environmental Exposures in Lebanese Infants (EELI) birth cohort: an investigation into the Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD)
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Emile Whaibeh, Myriam Mrad-Nakhlé, Norma Aouad, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Nivine Abbas, Clara Chaiban, Jowy Abi Hanna, Georges Abi Tayeh
Regarding the characteristics of the EELI study cohort, the majority of the enrolled women had a high level of education, were employed during their pregnancy, had full-term pregnancies, and had previously experienced at least one successful birth prior to their enrollment. It was also discovered that 16.6% of the women in our cohort continued to smoke during pregnancy. This percentage is slightly lower than a prevalence determined by a cross-sectional study by Chaaya et al. (2003), which found smoking prevalence among pregnancy women in Lebanon at 20%. A meta-analysis by Philips et al. (2020) examining 28 births cohorts from Europe and North America revealed a wide range of smoking rates during pregnancy, varying between 5.5% and 26.8%, placing Lebanon in the upper ranges in this regard. Concerning the mode of delivery, half of the participants underwent a Cesarean section, which aligns with the findings of another study conducted at HDF that assessed the prevalence of Cesarean section births and found it to be 56.8% (Abdallah et al. 2022). This rate is higher compared to the majority of European countries, where Cesarean section rates range from 14.8 to 52.2%, with only Cyprus (52.2%) having a similar rate to Lebanon (Macfarlane et al. 2016). Additionally, common pregnancy complications observed in our cohort included fetal arrhythmia (14.8%) and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (10.8%). The prevalence of the latter falls within the global range of 7 to 22% (Addisu et al. 2018); however, fetal arrhythmia appears to be more pronounced compared to the general prevalence of 1 to 3% (Aggarwal et al. 2009). One possible hypothesis worth exploring is the potential impact of nicotine exposure during pregnancy, as nicotine has been shown to increase cardiovascular risks in offspring, including the risk of fetal arrhythmia (Tairy et al. 2019).