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Hypertension and Correlation to Cerebrovascular Change: A Brief Overview
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Heba Kandil, Dawn Sosnin, Ali Mahmoud, Ahmed Shalaby, Ahmed Soliman, Adel Elmaghraby, Jasjit S. Suri, Guruprasad Giridharan, Ayman El-Baz
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a clinical condition in which the pressure and force of the blood against the arterial walls is elevated. Blood pressure is often reported as systolic and diastolic blood pressures in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), which correspond to the peak aortic pressure during ventricular ejection (systolic) and the lowest pressure in the aorta during ventricular relaxation (diastolic). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average aortic blood pressure during the entire cardiac cycle. A normal blood pressure reading is a systolic measurement of less than 120 mmHg, a diastolic measurement of less than 80 mmHg, and a MAP of approximately 95 mmHg (Table 16.1). Hypertension was traditionally defined as systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg, or MAP >120 mmHg.
Noninvasive Measurement of Blood Pressure
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
BP is sometimes given as mean arterial pressure (MAP), which is simply the time average of BP(t) measured with an invasive sensor. If BP(t) can be approximated by a triangular waveform with peak at Psyst and minimum at Pdias, then it is easy to show that MAP ≅ (Psyst + Pdias)/2, that is, the numerical average of systolic and diastolic BPs.
Attenuation of stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity following high-intensity interval exercise in untrained males
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Nor MF Farah, Amerull Daneal Amran, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed
Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and heart rate (HR) responses were measured at three time points: (i) before the start of CPT i.e., after 30 minutes of seated rest following the exercise/control protocol, (ii) at 1st and 2nd minutes during CPT, and (iii) 2 min after CPT ended (recovery period). All BP measurements were taken in an upright seated position, on the right arm using automated sphygmomanometer (Omron M3 Intellisense, Omron Healthcare, Japan). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated as one-third of systolic blood pressure plus two-thirds of diastolic blood pressure. Cardiovascular reactivity was determined as the change (∆) in systolic and diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and HR during the administration of CPT in relation to the pre-CPT (rest) period (Llabre et al., 1991). Cardiovascular recovery was determined as the change (∆) in systolic and diastolic BP, MAP, and HR during the recovery period in relation to during CPT.