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IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Current Perspectives
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2020
Angelo Paci, Mael Heiblig, Christophe Willekens, Sophie Broutin, Mehdi Touat, Virginie Penard-Lacronique, Stéphane de Bottona
In an open-label, multicenter, phase 1 study (NCT02632708), eligible patients with newly diagnosed mutant-IDH1 or mutant-IDH2 AML are treated with induction therapy (daunorubicin 60 mg/m2/day or idarubicin 12 mg/m2/day × 3 days with cytarabine 200 mg/m2/day × 7 days) in combination with either ivosidenib 500 mg once daily (for mutant-IDH1) or enasidenib 100 mg once daily (for mutant-IDH2). After induction, patients may receive <4 cycles of consolidation therapy while continuing the mutant IDH inhibitor. 134 patients had been treated: 47 with ivosidenib (median age 63 years, range 24-76) and 87 with enasidenib (median age 63 years, range 27-77). Secondary AML was present in 38% patients with mutant-IDH2 and in 34% patients with mutant-IDH1. Among the 77 enasidenib-treated patients evaluable for efficacy, a response of CR, CRi, or complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) was achieved in 33/45 (73%) patients with de novo AML and in 20/32 (63%) patients with AML. Among the 41 ivosidenib-treated patients evaluable for efficacy, a response of CR, CRi or CRp was achieved in 26/28 (93%) patients with de novo AML and 6/13 (46%) patients with secondary AML. The combination was well tolerated and the most frequent grade >3 non-hematologic adverse events were febrile neutropenia (63%), hypertension (11%), colitis (8%), and maculopapular rash (8%) (Stein et al., 2017a; 2018).
Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Zika Virus
Published in Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay, Satteluri R. K. Iyengar, Spatial Dynamics and Pattern Formation in Biological Populations, 2021
Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay, Satteluri R. K. Iyengar
The first well-documented report on human Zika virus (ZIKV) disease was available in 1964 when Simpson described his own occupationally acquired ZIKV illness at the age of 28 [98]. For him, it began with a mild headache. The next day, a maculopapular rash covered his face, neck, trunk, and upper arms and spread to his palms and soles. Transient fever, malaise, and back pain developed. By the evening of the second day of illness, he was afebrile, the rash was fading, and he felt better. By day three, he felt well and had only the rash, which disappeared over the next 2 days. ZIKV was isolated from the serum collected while he was febrile. In 1973, Filipe et al. [43] reported laboratory-acquired ZIKV illness in a man with acute onset of fever, headache, and joint pain but no rash [106]. ZIKV was isolated from the serum collected on the first day of occurrence of symptoms; the man’s illness resolved in ~1 week. In summary, the clinical features of Zika disease are the following: (i) mild fever, headache, itchy rash, and conjunctivitis. (ii) Severe complications are Guillain-Barre syndrome, microcephaly, myelitis, encephalitis, etc. Clinical diagnosis of infection with Zika virus is complicated [67]. A suspected case of Zika requires the presence of rash and/or fever with muscle pain, joint pain, etc. These symptoms are to be observed in conjunction with the presence of anti-Zika IgM antibodies. The status of the ZIKV outbreak, including the epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, complications, laboratory diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and control measures, were reviewed by Li et al. [67].
Machine learning approach for classification of maculopapular and vesicular rashes using the textural features of the skin images
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Sudhakara Upadya P, Niranjana Sampathila, Harishchandra Hebbar, Sathish B Pai
The results obtained from the developed machine learning algorithm for screening skin rashes under two conditions, which include maculopapular and vesicular, and their significance have been reported here. It also presents a comparative study carried out with the region of interest separated and the direct input. The rash area of the image is initially segmented and separated from its background. The result obtained after segmenting the maculopapular rash is as shown in (Figure 3, Figure 4).