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Sources and Characterization Approaches of Odour and Odour-Causing Bodily Compounds in Worn Clothing
Published in G. Thilagavathi, R. Rathinamoorthy, Odour in Textiles, 2022
Mourad Krifa, Mathilda Savocchia
Another category of instrumental analysis of odour was made possible by specialized sensors or arrays of sensors referred to as ‘electronic noses’ (Bockreis and Jager 1999; Cipriano and Capelli 2019; Loutfi et al. 2015; Nicolas et al. 2000). Electronic noses (EN) were the result of research conducted more than four decades ago and aimed at developing machine olfaction to monitor odour in applications such as food processing, water treatment, and environmental pollution (Bartlett and Gardner 2000; Hudon et al. 2000; Macleod et al. 1976; Persaud and Dodd 1982). The early definition of an electronic nose (EN) describes an instrument equipped with an “array of heterogenous electrochemical sensors with partial specificity and a pattern recognition system” (Loutfi et al. 2015). A broad range of gas sensors with different operating mechanisms have been used to enable machine olfaction using EN (Cipriano and Capelli 2019; Hudon et al. 2000; Loutfi et al. 2015; Nicolas et al. 2000). The most common operate based on metal oxide semiconductors, or on conductive polymers and polymer composites (Cipriano and Capelli 2019; Hudon et al. 2000; Loutfi et al. 2015; Nicolas et al. 2000). However, other types of detection mechanisms have been reported, including optical sensors, gas sensitive field effect transistors, and quartz microbalance sensors (Di Natale et al. 1997; Loutfi et al. 2015).
OlfacKit: A Toolkit for Integrating Atomization-Based Olfactory Interfaces into Daily Scenarios
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Yanan Wang, Zhitong Cui, Hebo Gong, Ting Chen
OlfacKit can create the design when many scents and real-time feedback are needed (Figure 1(E)), e.g., smell training and odor reproduction in Machine Olfaction. In this design, 16 vertical containers (height = 60 mm) were created with 4.5 mL scented liquid and controlled by four control boards. We chose no attachment for this design to place it on the table. This device may be helpful for olfactory skills training (e.g., perfumers and winemakers) and rehabilitation (e.g., Olfaction Recovery Training in Post-COVID-19) at home. We chose a uniform color (orange) for this design to prevent the bias of the trained people. They can easily replace the scent capsules based on their training schedule. Furthermore, the users (e.g., perfumers and winemakers) can potentially test their recipe by mixing different scents with various intensities. In addition, for odor reproduction, many more scent containers could be created, paired, and communicated together to produce a more precise odor representation.