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Electronic Nose: Pathway to Real-Time Gas Sensing Paradigm
Published in Ankur Gupta, Mahesh Kumar, Rajeev Kumar Singh, Shantanu Bhattacharya, Gas Sensors, 2023
Gulshan Verma, Mahesh Kumar, Ankur Gupta, Shantanu Bhattacharya
The word “electronic nose” was coined by Wilken, Buck, and Hatman in 1964 [11]. In 1982, Persaud proposed that an e-nose could be used to identify odors by integrating an array of chemical sensors. In 1988, for the first time, Bartlett and Gardner defines “electronic-nose” as “a device comprising of a set of various chemical sensors having an effective pattern and information processing technique which is capable of identifying different odors” [12]. The e-nose consists of various electronics components in a single system such as an array of chemical/gas sensors, hardware, and data processing system [13]. However, combining all these components into a single unit tends to increase the size. Research on the development of small, low-cost portable e-noses is still in its early stages [14,15]. In 1994, Hatfield suggested using an IC technology with e-nose for reducing size and power consumption issues.
Sources and Characterization Approaches of Odour and Odour-Causing Bodily Compounds in Worn Clothing
Published in G. Thilagavathi, R. Rathinamoorthy, Odour in Textiles, 2022
Mourad Krifa, Mathilda Savocchia
Santos et al. (2010) compared the performance of EN for the detection of aromatic compounds in wine with sensory analysis by a preselected and trained panel of assessors. The electronic nose comprised an array of 16 tin oxide sensors followed by pattern recognition using principal component analysis and neural networks (Santos et al. 2010). The researchers concluded that the sensitivity of the electronic nose instrument compared favourably to the sensory panel and had a detection threshold up to 10 times lower than the human nose. In addition, the electronic nose offered the capability to quantitatively determine the concentrations of the compounds (Santos et al. 2010). In addition to achieving high sensitivity with sensor specificity, another advantage of electronic noses is that once they are calibrated, they can be used to perform odour assessment on a continuous basis at a minimal cost (Hudon et al. 2000).
Breathomics and its Application for Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Analytical Techniques and Approaches
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
David J. Beale, Oliver A. H. Jones, Avinash V. Karpe, Ding Y. Oh, Iain R. White, Konstantinos A. Kouremenos, Enzo A. Palombo
Electronic noses (E-noses) are artificial sensor systems, usually consisting of a range of sensors for various chemicals of interest. E-noses are able to detect (‘smell’) patterns of VOCs in breath and then use algorithms for classification of the ‘breathprint’ and comparison with previously recorded samples from known sources. Such methods can be paired with, and add value to existing diagnostic tests, such as routine spirometry (Vries et al., 2015). Although a relatively new technique, E-noses have been used to discriminate between patients with respiratory disease, including asthma, COPD and lung cancer, and healthy control subjects, and also among patients with different respiratory diseases and with airway inflammation activity (Montuschi et al., 2013).
Influence of drying methods on the drying kinetics, bioactive compounds and flavor of solid-state fermented okara
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Hui Shi, Min Zhang, Arun S. Mujumdar, Jichen Xu, Weiqin Wang
The electronic nose is used to imitate human smell, and can also detect and distinguish different volatile flavor according to the unique sensitivity of sensors to different volatile substances in materials.[41] The electronic nose used in the experiment had 14 sensors. S1 stands for aroma component with a sweet smell. S2 stands for nitrogen oxides and low molecular amine with a foul smell. S3 stands for sulfides, which generally comes from vegetables. S4 stands for organic acid esters and terpenoids. S5 stands for pyrazines, terpenoids and esters. S6 stands for lenthionine, S7 stands for combustible gas, S8 stands for ammonia, S9 stands for hydrogen, S10 stands for hydrocarbons. S11 stands for volatile organic components. S12 stands for sulfides from environment. S13 stands for volatile gases from cooking and S14 stands for ethylene.[27]
Characteristics and release of monosodium glutamate microcapsules obtained by spray drying
Published in Drying Technology, 2019
Lingling Wu, Min Zhang, Yaping Liu, Qing Sun
Electronic nose is a device that imitates the sense of human smell to detect volatile analytes in complex matrices by different technologies.[49] In the data processing of electronic nose, principal component analysis (PCA) is the most commonly used method. PCA is a method which analyzes the principal components (PCs) from experimental data, and transforms some obvious related variates into unrelated ones and permutate these new variates according to the decrease in variance.[50] In this study, due to the fact that the PCs were different, the method PCA is important to distinguish the difference of samples.[51]
A new approach to automation of black tea fermentation process with electronic nose
Published in Automatika, 2018
Bilge Han Tozlu, H. İbrahim Okumuş
Nowadays, the electronic nose method also can be used for determining the quality of black tea. The electronic nose is a system that recognizes the odours previously introduced to it. It consists of an electronic circuit which converts the gas information into electrical information via its chemical gas sensor array (sensor unit) and a software that interprets this information with its prepared algorithm.