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Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Cancer Bioimaging, Diagnostics and Therapy
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Bridget Crawford, Tuan Vo-Dinh
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2, is known to be overexpressed on the surface membrane of breast cancer cells, thus making this receptor protein an important biomarker for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. SERS-based detection of HER2 on breast cancer cells has been reported where antibody-conjugated GNRs [45] and nanospheres [46] coupled with Raman reporter molecules were used as the SERS-active nanoprobes for imaging and detection of HER2 on the surface of MCF-7 cells. More recently, Lee et al. reported a SERS-based multiplexed cellular imaging method for simultaneous imaging, detection and quantification of different breast cancer phenotypic markers [47]. These SERS nanotags were developed using antibody-conjugated silica-encapsulated hollow gold nanospheres (SEHGNs) coupled with different Raman reporters for three different biomarkers, epidermal growth factor (EGF), ErbB2, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors on the surface of MDA-MB-468, KPL4, and SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell lines, respectively.
Delivery Systems for Proteins and Peptides
Published in Munmaya K. Mishra, Applications of Encapsulation and Controlled Release, 2019
Sougata Jana, Arijit Gandhi, Kalyan Kumar Sen
Liu et al. (2013) developed heptapeptide-conjugated active targeting NPs for the delivery of doxorubicin and small interfering RNA (siRNA) to high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–expressing breast cancer cells. The active targeting NPs were prepared using a synthesized poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA–PEG) copolymer conjugated with a heptapeptide. The particle size of the peptide-conjugated NPs was less than 200 nm with a narrow size distribution, and the surface charge was negative. The uptake of the peptide-conjugated NPs was 3.9 times more efficient in high EGFR-expressing MDA-MB-468 cells than in low EGFR-expressing HepG2 cells due to peptide specific binding to the EGF receptor followed by EGF receptor–mediated endocytosis. The NPs were used to deliver doxorubicin and siRNA, and their in vitro release was faster at pH 4.0 (500 U lipase) than at pH 7.4. The IC50 of doxorubicin-loaded peptide-conjugated NPs was 2.3 times lower than that of peptide-free NPs in MDA-MB-468 cells. Similarly, the cellular growth inhibition of siRNA/DOTAP-loaded peptide-conjugated NPs was 2.1 times higher than that of peptide-free NPs. In conclusion, the heptapeptide-conjugated PLGA-PEG NPs provided active targeting potential to high EGFR-expressing MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, and a synergistic cytotoxic effect was achieved by the co-delivery of doxorubicin and siRNA/DOTAP-loaded peptide-conjugated NPs [29].
Polymeric Micelles for Formulation of Anti-Cancer Drugs
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
Helen Lee, Patrick Lim Soo, Jubo Liu, Mark Butler, Christine Allen
In cases where nuclear targeting is desired, ligands such as EGF and the HIV-1 TAT peptide that have nuclear translocation properties, may be employed.6,115,184 Zeng et al. reported on an EGF-conjugated PEG-b-poly(δ-valerolactone) (PEG-b-PVL) micelle system that targets EGFR-over expressing breast cancers. The EGF-PEG-b-PVL micelles were shown to mainly localize in the perinuclear region and in the nucleus of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells as shown in Figure 17.7.115 Nuclear targeting is critical for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs and oligonucleotides whose site of action is located in the nucleus. Wagner’s group has developed EGF- and transferrin-conjugated PEG-b-poly(ethylenimine) (PEG-b-PEI) micelle systems for gene delivery to tumor tissues.178,180,185,186 Molecules such as oligonucleotides are more susceptible to degradation in the endosomal or lysosomal compartments; therefore, pH-responsive micelles that are capable of destabilizing the endosomal or lysosomal membranes could potentially improve the therapeutic effect of these molecules.
Dihaloplatinum(II) complexes having diimine ligands: crystal structure, thermal properties, cytotoxicity effects against breast cancer cells and application as a precursor towards nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Badri Zaman Momeni, Nastaran Fathi, Jan Janczak, Zahra Shahsavari
Platinum-based chemotherapy including three platinum-based cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin is used throughout the world [52]. Although the mechanism of cytotoxicity of the new anticancer compounds is still unclear, the preparation of new platinum complexes containing a variety of ligands with the aim of decreasing side effects and highly effective drugs has demonstrably drawn the attention for chemists [52, 53]. Breast cancer has been classified based on the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2/neu receptor (HER-2) expressions [54]. Herein, the cytotoxic effects of some platinum complexes have been carried out against two selected human breast cancer cell lines of the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468, which reveal the greater activity in the case of [PtCl2(bu2bpy)] (3). Interestingly, MDA-MB-468 as a triple negative breast cancer cell line (ER-, PR-, Her-2-) showed the best sensitivity to 3. These results indicate that the most active platinum compounds include the bipyridine ligand substituted in the 4,4'-position with the highest steric effects and electron-donating group as the "non-leaving group" as well as the electron-withdrawing chloride group as the "leaving group ligand".