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Endophytes as Potential Plant Growth Promoters in Forestry
Published in Gustavo Molina, Zeba Usmani, Minaxi Sharma, Abdelaziz Yasri, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Microbes in Agri-Forestry Biotechnology, 2023
Vinay Kumar, Lata Jain, Sorabh Chaudhary, Ravindra Soni
PGPR, endophytic microbes and mycorrhizaa is widely used to control or manage the insect pest and diseases. Biocontrol is a process in which one or more beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere unfavourably affect the survival or activity of a plant pathogen. Endophytic microbes typically cover the same ecological niches as occupied by plant phytopathogens and proposed as biocontrol agents that could be applied as an alternative to chemical pesticides (Goel at al. 2018b; Dash et al. 2019). Biocontrol of pathogens and insect pests may be controlled through competition for nutrients, the production of antimicrobial metabolites and activation of immune responses in plant (Islam et al. 2015; Desgarennes et al. 2020). Previous studies have reported the role of tree endophytes for potential as biological control agents (Arnold et al. 2003; Clay 2004). Endophytic microbes mainly adopted different strategies to combat against pathogenic microbes which includes (i) competition; (ii) production of cell wall lysis enzyme; (iii) production of antibiotics and (iv) production of lipopeptides or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Antimicrobial compounds play an important role in the suppression of phytopathogens by antagonistic microorganisms (Raaijmakers et al. 2002).The endophytic bacterial are known to produce lipopeptides as an antimicrobial substance. Kumar et al. (2020c) identified the presence of surfactin and iturin in the rice bacterial endophytes having antimicrobial activities. Microbial endophytes are considered as potential strategies for sustainable agriculture.
Industrial Applications of Biosurfactants
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Industrial Biotechnology, 2017
Shilpa Mujumdar, Shradha Bashetti, Sheetal Pardeshi, Rebecca S. Thombre
Gene transfection is a great challenge in pharmaceutical industries (Fujita et al., 2009). To deliver foreign gene into target cells without side effects different methods are discovered. Among them lipofection is the most effective one and used frequently (Inoh et al., 2001). It was found by Kitamato et al. (2002) that liposomes based on biosurfactants showed increased gene transfection efficiency. Recently, Ueno et al. (2001) developed MEL-A containing liposome for gene transfection. Lipopeptides from bacteria were used as potent immunological adjuvants. They are non toxic and non pyrogenic when mixed with conventional antigens. Iturin AL, herbicolin A and microcystin showed marked humeral response rabbits and chickens (Rodrigues et al., 2006b; Eshrat et al., 2011).
Biosurfactants The Ecofriendly Biomolecules of the Upcoming Era
Published in R.Z. Sayyed, Microbial Surfactants, 2022
Anita V Handore, Sharad R Khandelwal, Rajib Karmakar, Divya L Gupta, Dilip V Handore
Lipopeptides are amphiphilic molecules which incorporate one or more lipid chains attached to a peptide head group. This self-assembly is observed on the basis of hydrophile/lipophile balance of the molecules as well as interactions between the peptide units (Ian et al. 2015).
Improvement of lipopeptide production in Bacillus subtilis HNDF2-3 by overexpression of the sfp and comA genes
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Jiawen Wang, Yuan Ping, Wei Liu, Xin He, Chunmei Du
Lipopeptide, also known as acylpeptide, was first found in the metabolites of Bacillus subtilis. Its chemical structure includes non-polar saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and polar amino acids or peptides, which can be divided into linear lipopeptides and cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs).[1,2] According to the connection mode of peptide chains and fatty acid chains, CLPs can be divided into three classical families: surfactins, iturins, and fengycins.[3] In addition to its excellent antibacterial properties, lipopeptide has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-thrombotic, antiviral, anti-mycoplasma, and lipid-lowering activities.[4] Its uses are extensive, including as a food additive,[5] bactericide,[6] potential drug,[7] oil-contaminated surface cleaning agent[8] and bioremediation reagent.[9] At present, microbial fermentation is an important source of the lipopeptide. However, the low biological production limits the rapid commercialization of lipopeptide. The production of lipopeptide can be improved to a certain extent through the optimization of traditional fermentation conditions and extraction process.[10–13] However, these methods may have the problems of complicated operation, high cost and weak targeting in the actual production.
Toxicity and applications of surfactin for health and environmental biotechnology
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2018
Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos, Edgar Silveira, Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
Biosurfactants are regarded as promising therapeutic and biotechnological biomolecules to replace their chemical counterparts, owing to the diverse functional properties for application in different fields and environmentally friendly behavior (Inés and Dhouha 2015). Biosurfactants originate as secondary metabolites of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, and are typically classified depending upon the microbial origin and natural chemical structure, divided in five classes (i) glycolipids, (ii) phospholipids and fatty acids, (iii) lipopeptides or lipoproteins, (iv) polymeric, and (v) particulate surfactants (Chen, Juang, and Wei 2015). The lipopeptide class is characterized by a high structural diversity and encompasses cyclic or short linear peptides in combination with a long fatty acid chain (Zhi, Wu, and Xu 2017).
Kurstakin molecules facilitate diesel oil assimilation by Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain 2SA through overexpression of alkane hydroxylase genes
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Mamadou Malick Diallo, Caner Vural, Umut Şahar, Guven Ozdemir
However, one of the major constrains of bioremediation is attributed to the hydrophobic character of many hydrocarbons, hence, they do not dissolve in aqueous systems. The ability of microorganisms to degrade hydrocarbons is influenced by the availability of compounds in the environments [15]. Some kinds of surfactants can be used to dissolve hydrocarbons in aqueous systems. Biosurfactants (BSs) are widely used in biodegradation studies due to their natural character and their ability to increase the degradation of hydrocarbons. The amphiphilic characteristic of biosurfactant enhances the availability of hydrophobic substrates for microorganisms by facilitating their association with microbial cells [16]. There are many kinds of BSs which have been isolated from diverse microorganisms such as rhamnolipids, trehalolipids, sophorolipids, lipopeptides, ornithine lipids, etc. Among them, rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas spp. and non-ribosomal lipopeptide from Bacillus spp. are the most reported biosurfactants in petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation studies [17–19]. Lipopeptides are classified according to their hydrophilic peptide and lipophilic fatty acid chain. Fengycin, surfactin and iturin are the most studied non-ribosomal polypeptides isolated from Bacillus spp. The peptide part of surfactins and iturins comprises 7 α-amino acids while that of fengycins consists of 10 α-amino acids [20]. In addition to fengycin, surfactin and iturin, kurstakin represent another family of lipopeptides isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis [21]. The peptide moiety is formed by 7 amino acids (Thr-Gly-Ala-Ser-His-Gln-Gln). Kurstakins are characterized by an internal lactone linkage between the C-terminus and the internal Ser residue. Several studies showed that kurstakin extracts display good antimicrobial activities against various phytopathogens especially filamentous fungi [22,23].