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Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Soft tissue lumps are mostly benign. Clinical examination may suggest a diagnosis such as ganglion or lipoma and ultrasound can be used to confirm the clinical suspicion, or to suggest an alternative diagnosis, which can be helpful in planning treatment. If ultrasound is inconclusive or the lesion is not suitable for ultrasound, MRI would be used. If there are ‘red flag’ signs or symptoms (e.g. rapid growth and increasing pain) MRI would be the primary modality due to its greater sensitivity in detecting malignant changes.
Health Monitoring System for Cancer Care Using IoT
Published in Monika Mangla, Ashok Kumar, Vaishali Mehta, Megha Bhushan, Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Real-Life Applications of the Internet of Things, 2022
Bibhuprasad Sahu, Amrutanshu Panigrahi, Sachi Nandan Mohanty
It is necessary to understand the cancer types and nature of the disease before implementing an IoT-based healthcare system. In this section, we have briefly discussed cancer types, its classification, impacts on human life. Cancer itself is a broad term. When the cellular changes in the human body cause uncontrolled growth and division of the cell occur. It leads to a Tumor. In the tumor, some cell division grows rapidly whereas some go very slow. So, the classification of the tumor depends on various parameters such as growth size, growth shape, and location of the tumor in the body. Three basic categories of tumors are named as benign, pre-malignant, and malignant [9]. The cancer cells first appear in the area of the body, then it spread to other parts by lymph nodes. No treatment is required for the benign tumors, but the doctors keep under watchful waiting treatment to confirm that this should not cause any serious problem in health conditions [29]. The patients are advised for radiation or medication. Surgery is the common approach used by the doctors to remove cancer-affected areas without damaging outlier tissues of the affected area. Benign tumor growth depends on reasons such as Environmental toxins, Genetics, Diet, Stress, Local trauma or injury, and inflammation or infection. Some common types of benign tumors are Adenomas, Fibromas, Hemangiomas, and Lipomas. Pre-malignant not cancerous but may lead to developing the properties of cancer, so close monitoring is done to prevent all chances of development. Different types of pre-malignant tumors are actinic keratosis, cervical dysplasia, Leukoplakia. Malignant is a cancer affected area of the body with an increase rapidly by cell division approach called metastasis. Different types of malignant tumors are originated as per the types of a cell of the human being such as Carcinoma, Sarcoma Germ cell tumor, Blastoma. Various treatment methods like MRI are used to detect the lump. A biopsy is an approach adopted to identify cancer [10]. There are a lot of treatment methods are available such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy is one of drug therapy to destroy the rapidly growing cells in the body. But this method is only an option left during the advanced stage of the patent. Immunotherapy is the biological therapy used as cancer therapy which helps the immune system of the body to fight with the cancer cell. Surgery is the option for doctors to remove the cancer cell from the body. In Radiotherapy, radiation is applied to the cancer cell to disable the metastasis. Even if different treatment options are available, this research we have proposed an IoT-based healthcare framework to augment with the current one. Because from the patient feedback it is clear that Cancer treatment causes different side effects include trouble in eating, tiredness, constipation, diarrhea, edema, fatigue, appetite loss, delirium, etc. So, the addition of smart sensor devices with the current method will add an extra feature to improve the life of the patient.
SAMA: a real-time Web search architecture
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2022
Vertical selection can enhance the effectiveness of results, while reducing the load on querying multiple verticals and improving the cumulative gain for assessors. Predicting the type of query is the key task for vertical selection. To parse the query and determine its type, we exploited Wikipedia data by forwarding the query to the Wikipedia index exposed by our previous work [12]. The response is the definition or abstract of the topic regarding that query. Then, parsing applied to tokenize the content and to seek the target keywords that suggest the topic category and the name of the vertical. Here is an example of the Wikipedia definition response for a query ‘lipoma’ ‘A lipoma is a benign tumor made of fat tissue’. Hence, the target keywords are ‘benign’ and ‘tumor’, which together referred to a topic ‘Health’. Another example is a query ‘403b’, to which Wikipedia responds is ‘In the United States, a 403(b) plan is a U.S. tax-advantaged retirement savings plan’; hence, the referenced keywords are ‘tax’ and ‘retirement’.