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Neuroimaging in Nuclear Medicine
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anne Larsson Strömvall, Susanna Jakobson Mo
Lewy-body dementia (LBD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that shares the features of both Alzheimer´s disease and Parkinson’s disease with the formation of both amyloid plaques and Lewy body inclusions in the brain. Patients with LBD develop both cognitive impairment and Parkinsonism. In Lewy body dementia, there is both a dopamine deficit and a reduction of metabolism in the parietal and temporal lobes. In addition, often the occipital metabolism is affected.
Using ecological theory to manage behaviour and symptoms in people living with dementia: a transdisciplinary approach to design
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2023
In going further, the transdisciplinary team might reason: if object perception automatically triggers action, thought, and neurochemical changes, then perhaps it also triggers the memory and other cognitive processes that are subject to loss in dementia? Conceivably cognitive perceptual losses themselves may be causal to dementia? It turns out, others have proposed that memory is affordance-driven also (Vincente and Wang 1998). Again, more research is undoubtedly needed, but assuming that in principle Vincente & Wang were right, the most common symptoms of the dementias (especially Alzheimer’s) may be reframed as a kind of acquired myopia to affordances which are exacerbated because of an age-related loss of perceptual ability. There is evidence that hallucinations caused by Lewy-body dementia follows physical perceptual disabilities – with auditory losses precipitating auditory hallucinations, for instance (Montalvo, Azevedo, and de Mendonca 2021). The idea is not new. A compelling argument that a failure to recognize certain social affordances may be the cause of autism has been advanced (Loveland 2001); and that an aberrant pattern of reactivity to affordances may cause the diagnostic symptomatology of schizophrenia (Golembiewski 2019a) and my even precipitate spontaneous psychiatric violence (Golembiewski 2014).
In-Lab Development of a Mobile Interface for Cognitive Assistive Technology to Support Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Dementia Homecare
Published in Journal of Aging and Environment, 2023
Emily Roberts, Guoliang Fan, Xiaowei Chen
In the initial stage of the research, purposive sampling was employed to identify N = 50 male or female family dementia caregivers in a midwestern state. Study participants were recruited through the network of Area Agencies on Aging, adult day care sites, and dementia caregiver support groups. Family caregiver eligibility requirements for participation included: 18 or older; provide care at least 20 h per week, on average for at least 6 months prior to the study; and read and speak English. Their care recipients were to be age 50 or older; have Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, or vascular dementia. Participants were asked to take part in an online survey to measure occurrence of IADLs along with the contextual and environmental cueing needs with respect to the indoor environmental factors pertaining to IADL tasks in dementia homecare.
A semiparametric method for estimating the progression of cognitive decline in dementia
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2018
Xiaoxia Li, Canan Bilen-Green, Kambiz Farahmand, Linda Langley
Although there is a tendency to perform trajectory studies for different dementia types, such as AD, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's dementia, we did not consider the diagnosis of dementia type as a parameter in the current study. The first reason for this is that the diagnostic methods are not sufficiently accurate to classify patients with enough precision to carry out a study based on diagnostic results. In medical diagnoses, sensitivity and specificity measure the ability to identify those with the disease correctly (true positive rate) and those without the disease (true negative rate). A study by Beach et al. (2012) reported that the sensitivity in the diagnosis of AD ranged from 70.9% to 87.3%, and specificity ranged from 44.3% to 70.8% for NACC data. Clark et al. (2011) reached a similar conclusion, stating that 10% to 20% of patients clinically diagnosed with AD did not have AD pathology. The presence of mixed dementia is another factor that makes diagnosis difficult, because of the coexistence of more than one neuropathology. A sample study by Schneider et al. (2007) showed that, among community-dwelling older individuals with dementia, 54% showed pathological evidence of one or more coexisting dementias. All of these factors make it difficult to make rigorous diagnoses. The inclusion of the heterogeneous cognitive decline patients would add variance to the models, but would help to access a more general cognitive decline trajectory that does not need specific diagnoses.